Thursday, July 11, 2013

July 5 in history


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JUL 04      INDEX      JUL 06
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328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman architect Theophilus Patricius.

1316 – The Burgundian and Majorcan claimants of the Principality of Achaea meet in the Battle of Manolada

1594 – Portuguese forces under the command of Pedro Lopes de Sousa begins an unsuccessful invasion of the Kingdom of Kandy during the Campaign of Danture in Sri Lanka.

1610 – John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.

1687 – Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica.

1770 – The Battle of Chesma between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire begins.

1775 – The Second Continental Congress adopts the Olive Branch Petition.

1803 – The Convention of Artlenburg is signed, leading to the French occupation of Hanover (which had been ruled by the British king).

1807 – In Buenos Aires the local militias repel the British soldiers within the Second English Invasion.

1809 – The largest battle of the Napoleonic Wars, the Battle of Wagram is fought between the French and Austrian Empires.

1811 – Venezuela declares independence from Spain.

1813 – War of 1812: Three weeks of British raids on Fort Schlosser, Black Rock and Plattsburgh, New York commence.

1814 – War of 1812: Battle of Chippawa – In one of the few engagements of the War of 1812 in which American soldiers engaged British regulars on open ground in traditional early-19th century warfare, at Chippewa the young U.S. Army proved its mettle during America’s “second war of independence.”

1833 – Lê Văn Khôi along with 27 soldiers stage a mutiny taking over the Phiên An citadel, developing into the Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Emperor Minh Mạng.

1833 – Admiral Charles Napier vanquishes the navy of the Portuguese usurper Dom Miguel at the third Battle of Cape St. Vincent.

1841 – Thomas Cook organises the first package excursion, from Leicester to Loughborough.

1865 – William Booth founded the Salvation Army in London.

1878 – The coat of arms of the Baku Governorate is established.

1884 – Germany takes possession of Cameroon.

1915 – The Liberty Bell leaves Philadelphia by special train on its way to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. This is the last trip outside Philadelphia that the custodians of the bell intend to permit.

1916 – Children under 16 were banned from New York City theaters, many of which were already closed, due to a summer outbreak of polio.

1934 – "Bloody Thursday" – Police open fire on striking longshoremen in San Francisco.

1934 – Lou Gehrig hits a record 17th career grand slam and passes Babe Ruth's total.

1935 – The National Labor Relations Act, which governs labor relations in the United States, is signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

1937 – Spam, the canned luncheon meat product, is introduced into the market by the Hormel Foods Corporation.

1940 – World War II: The United Kingdom and the Vichy France government break off diplomatic relations.

1941 – World War II: Operation Barbarossa: German troops reach the Dnieper River.

1943 – World War II: An Allied invasion fleet sails for Sicily (Operation Husky, July 10, 1943).

1943 – World War II: German forces begin a massive offensive against the Soviet Union at the Battle of Kursk, also known as Operation Citadel.

1945 – World War II: U.S. Army Gen. Douglas MacArthur announced the liberation of the Philippines as World War II approached its end.

1946 – The bikini goes on sale after its introduction by French designer Louis Reard during an outdoor fashion show at the Molitor Pool in Paris, France.

1947 – Larry Doby became the first African-American player in Major League Baseball's American League, joining the Cleveland Indians 11 weeks after Jackie Robinson broke the sport's color barrier with the Brooklyn Dodgers of the National League.

1948 – National Health Service Acts creates the national public health systems in the United Kingdom.

1950 – Korean War: Task Force Smith: American and North Korean forces first clash, in the Battle of Osan.

1950 – Zionism: The Knesset passes the Law of Return which grants all Jews the right to immigrate to Israel.

1954 – The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin.

1954 – The Andhra Pradesh High Court was established.

1954 – Elvis Presley records his first single, "That's All Right (Mama)," a song he hadn't intended to do when he began his first recording session at Sun Records in Memphis. It became an instant local sensation.

1962: Independence takes effect in Algeria; the same day, civilians of European descent, mostly French, came under attack by extremists in the port city of Oran (reports of the death toll vary from about 100 to the thousands).

1971 – Right to vote: The Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, lowering the voting age from 21 to 18 years, is formally certified by President Richard Nixon.

1973 – A Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) in Kingman, Arizona, following a fire that broke out as propane was being transferred from a railroad car to a storage tank, kills eleven firefighters.

1975 – Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon singles title.

1975 – Cape Verde gains its independence from Portugal.

1977 – Military coup in Pakistan: Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the first elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, is overthrown.

1980 - Swedish tennis player Björn Borg wins his fifth Wimbledon final and became the first male tennis player to win the championships five times in a row (1976-1980).

1982 – The Penn Square Bank of Oklahoma was declared insolvent, touching off a bank crisis that affected much of the United States.

1986 – After undergoing refurbishment, the Statue of Liberty is reopened with a red, white, and blue ribbon cutting by Nancy Reagan.

1987 – Sri Lankan Civil War: The LTTE uses suicide attacks on the Sri Lankan Army for the first time. The Black Tigers were born and, in the following years, continued to kill with the tactic.

1989 – Iran–Contra affair: Oliver North is sentenced by U.S. District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell to a three-year suspended prison term, two years probation, $150,000 in fines and 1,200 hours community service. His convictions were later overturned.

1994 – The United States stopped accepting Haitian refugees and asked that other countries provide them with "safe havens."

1995 – The Republic of Armenia adopts its constitution, four years after its independence from the Soviet Union.

1996 – Dolly the sheep becomes the first mammal cloned from an adult cell.

1997 – Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lankan Tamil MP A. Thangathurai is shot dead at Sri Shanmuga Hindu Ladies College in Trincomalee.

1997, Martina Hingis, 16, of Switzerland, became the youngest player in 100 years to win the women's singles tennis championship at Wimbledon.

1999 – Wolverhampton, England is hit by storms, including a tornado. The area was hit again with severe storms on August 1.

1999 – U.S. President Bill Clinton imposes trade and economic sanctions against the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.

2003 – In Moscow, two female suicide bombers detonated explosives at Russia's biggest rock concert, killing 16 people.

2004 – The first Indonesian presidential election is held.

2006 – North Korea tests four short-range missiles, one medium-range missile and a long-range Taepodong-2. The long-range Taepodong-2 reportedly fails in mid-air over the Sea of Japan.

2009 – A series of violent riots break out in Ürümqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China.

2009 – The largest hoard of Anglo-Saxon gold ever discovered, consisting of more than 1,500 items, is found near the village of Hammerwich, near Lichfield, in Staffordshire, England.

2010 – Bronislaw Komorowski was declared the winner in Poland's presidential runoff with 53.01 percent of the vote, beating Jaroslaw Kaczynski, twin brother of the former president who was among more than 90 people killed in a plane crash three months earlier.

2011 – A jury in Orlando, Fla., found Casey Anthony not guilty in the 2008 death of her 2-year-old daughter Caylee. The jury of five men and seven women took 11 hours over two days to acquit the Florida woman of first-degree murder, aggravated child abuse and aggravated manslaughter in a high-profile trial that included 33 days of testimony and more than 90 witnesses.

2012 – The Shard in London is inaugurated as the tallest building in Europe, with a height of 310 metres (1,020 ft).

2012 – Republican Party officials said June was a bonanza for Mitt Romney, who set a party record for presidential fundraising in a single month -- more than $100 million.

2013 – The African Union suspended strife-ridden Egypt's membership two days after the country's military ousted President Mohamed Morsi. Egypt rejoined the AU in June 2014.



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Anthony Mary Zaccaria, Confessor.     Double.
Commemoration of the Octave of the Apostles.


Contemporary Western

Anthony Maria Zaccaria, priest (d. 1539)
Saints Cyril and Methodius
Zoe of Rome (Roman Catholic Church)


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran



Eastern Orthodox


Saints

Venerable Athanasius of Mt. Athos (1000)
Saint Lampadus of Hirenopolis, monk (10th c.)
Saints Elizabeth the New Martyr, Grand Duchess of Russia,
      the Nun Varvara, and those martyred with them (1918)
Martyr Cyrilla of Cyrene in Libya, widow (4th c.)
Saints Athanasius and Theodosius of Cherepovets,
      disciples of St. Sergius of Radonezh
New-Martyr Cyprian of Koutloumousiou monastery on Mt. Athos (1679)

Pre-Schism Western Saints

St. Edana, an Irish monastic and patron of several parishes
      in the West of Ireland
St. Erfyl, the titular saint of a church at Llanerfyl, Powys, Wales
Saint Gwen Teirbron of Brittany, mother of Winwaloe of Landevennec
St. Modwenna, successor of St. Hilda as Abbess of Whitby
St. Modwenna, an anchoress, and possibly Abbess of Polesworth
      in Warwickshire, England
Sts. Probus and Grace, Cornish saints traditionally thought
      to have been husband and wife.

Other commemorations



Uncovering of the relics of Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, abbot and wonderworker (1422)

Russian Orthodox

Saints Elizabeth the New Martyr, Grand Duchess of Russia, the Nun Varvara, and those martyred with them (1918)




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