324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revolution in 1792.
1035 – William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy, reigns until 1087.
1608 – Québec City is founded by Samuel de Champlain.
1754 – French and Indian War: George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to French forces.
1767 – Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage commanded by Philip Carteret.
1767 – Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded and the first edition is published.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: George Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
1778 – American Revolutionary War: British forces kill 360 people in the Wyoming Valley massacre.
1819 – The Bank of Savings in New York City, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
1839 – The first state normal school in the United States, the forerunner to today's Framingham State College, opens in Lexington, Massachusetts with three students.
1844 – The last pair of great auks is killed.
1848 – Slaves are freed in the Danish West Indies (now U.S. Virgin Islands) by Peter von Scholten in the culmination of a year-long plot by enslaved Africans.
1849 – The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX to power. This would prove a major obstacle to Italian unification.
1852 – Congress establishes the United States' 2nd mint in San Francisco.
1863 – American Civil War: The final day of the Battle of Gettysburg culminates with Pickett's Charge. The Union army under the command of Gen. George Meade defeats Confederate forces commanded by Gen. Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg, Pa.
1866 – Austro-Prussian War is decided at the Battle of Königgratz, resulting in Prussia taking over from Austria as the prominent German nation.
1884 – Dow Jones and Company publishes its first stock average.
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1880s - Benz & Cie, Waldhofstraße,
Mannheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Deutschland (Germany)
from whatwasthere.com
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1886 – The New York Tribune becomes the first newspaper to use a linotype machine, eliminating typesetting by hand.
1890 – Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.
1898 – A Spanish squadron, led by Pascual Cervera y Topete, is defeated by an American squadron under William T. Sampson in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba.
1913 – Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett's Charge; upon reaching the high-water mark of the Confederacy they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors.
1915: J.P. Morgan Jr., son of renowned banker and financier J. P. Morgan, was shot twice in the groin by Eric Muenter, a German professor at Harvard University. Morgan survived the would-be assassination attempt.
1915: A Milwaukee Road freight train and an Inland passenger train collided at McGuires, Idaho, near today’s Post Falls, injuring 32 people. The passenger train hit the loaded freight train at a crossing.
1930 – The United States Veterans Administration is created.
1938 – World speed record for a steam railway locomotive is set in England, by the Mallard, which reaches a speed of 125.88 miles per hour (202.58 km/h).
1938 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and lights the eternal flame at Gettysburg Battlefield.
1940 – World War II: In order to stop the ships from falling into German hands the French fleet of the Atlantic based at Mers El Kébir, is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar, causing the loss of three battleships: Dunkerque, Provence, and Bretagne. One thousand two hundred sailors perish.
1944 – World War II: Minsk is liberated from Nazi control by Soviet troops during Operation Bagration.
1952 – The Constitution of Puerto Rico is approved by the Congress of the United States.
1952 – The SS United States sets sail on her maiden voyage to Southampton. During the voyage, the ship takes the Blue Riband away from the RMS Queen Mary.
1965 – Trigger, foaled 4 July 1934 and originally named Golden Cloud, a palomino horse made famous in American Western films with his owner and rider, cowboy star Roy Rogers, died at Rogers' Hidden Hills, California ranch.
1967 – The Aden Emergency: The Battle of the Crater in which the British Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders retake the Crater district following the Arab Police Mutiny.
1969 – Space Race: The biggest explosion in the history of rocketry occurs when the Soviet N-1 rocket explodes and subsequently destroys its launchpad.
1970 – The Troubles: The "Falls Curfew" begins in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
1979 – U.S. President Jimmy Carter signs the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
1985: The time-travel comedy “Back to the Future,” starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd, is released.
1988 – During the Iran-Iraq War, missiles fired from the U.S. Navy warship USS Vincennes brought down an Iranian airliner, Iran Air Flight 655, over the Persian Gulf, killing all 290 people aboard. The United States said the ship's crew had incorrectly identified the jetliner, believing it was an attacking Iranian fighter jet. Years later, the United States agreed to pay millions of dollars in reparations for what it called "a terrible human tragedy."
1988 – The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus.
1995 – Saint Kitts and Nevis Labour Party wins the general elections and is restored to power after being in opposition for 15 years.
1996 – Boris Yeltsin was re-elected president of Russia, defeating Gennadi Zyuganov in a runoff.
1996 – Stone of Scone is returned to Scotland.
2009 – Sarah Palin, who became a national figure as the Republican candidate for vice president in 2008, announced she was resigning as governor of Alaska with 17 months to go in her term.
2010 – At least 230 people were killed in an explosion sparked by a cigarette near an overturned oil tanker truck in the Republic of the Congo.
2012 – Actor Andy Griffith, most famous for his role as a wise, folksy sheriff in the long-running TV show that bore his name, died at his home in North Carolina. He was 86.
2013 – Egyptian coup d'état: After four days of protests all over Egypt calling for President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi's resignation, to which he did not respond, the Egyptian military removed Morsi from office and announced it was suspending the constitution and planning new elections. President of the Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt Adly Mansour was declared acting president.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Within the Octave of the Apostles.
Contemporary Western
Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople
Thomas the Apostleone of four days in the year on which Quarter Sessions sat.
Venerated Antonietta Meo
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyr Hyacinth of Caesarea in Cappadocia (108) and Diomedes, Eulampius,
Asclepiodotus and Golinduch, who suffered with Hyacinth.
Venerable Nicodemus of Kozhe Lake, abbot (1640)
Martyrs Mocius and Mark (4th c.)
Saint Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople (458)
Saint Alexander, founder of the Monastery of the Unsleeping Ones
on the Euphrates (430)
Saint Isaiah the Solitary from Scetis in Egypt, died in Gaza (491)
Saint Basil the Bishop of Ryazan (1295)
Holy Princes Basil (1249) and Constantine (1257) of Yaroslavl
Saints John and Longinus, Wonderworkers of Yarensk (Solovki)
Blessed John of Moscow the Fool-For-Christ (c. 1589)
Blessed Michael and Thomas, fools-for-Christ of Solvychegodsk (Vologda).
Asclepiodotus and Golinduch, who suffered with Hyacinth.
Venerable Nicodemus of Kozhe Lake, abbot (1640)
Martyrs Mocius and Mark (4th c.)
Saint Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople (458)
Saint Alexander, founder of the Monastery of the Unsleeping Ones
on the Euphrates (430)
Saint Isaiah the Solitary from Scetis in Egypt, died in Gaza (491)
Saint Basil the Bishop of Ryazan (1295)
Holy Princes Basil (1249) and Constantine (1257) of Yaroslavl
Saints John and Longinus, Wonderworkers of Yarensk (Solovki)
Blessed John of Moscow the Fool-For-Christ (c. 1589)
Blessed Michael and Thomas, fools-for-Christ of Solvychegodsk (Vologda).
Pre-Schism Western Saints
St. Bladus an early Bishop of the Isle of Man
St. Byblig of Carnarvon (Caernarfon), Gwynedd, in Wales
St. Cillene, an Abbot of Iona
St. Germanus of Man
St. Byblig of Carnarvon (Caernarfon), Gwynedd, in Wales
St. Cillene, an Abbot of Iona
St. Germanus of Man
Other commemorations
Translation of the relics of Hieromartyr Philip of Moscow,
metropolitan and wonderworker (1652)
Icon of the Mother of God the "Milk-Giver" of the Hilandar Monastery
on Mt. Athos
metropolitan and wonderworker (1652)
Icon of the Mother of God the "Milk-Giver" of the Hilandar Monastery
on Mt. Athos
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