69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor.
552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy. During the fightings king Totila is mortally wounded.
1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.
1431 – The Battle of La Higueruela takes place in Granada, leading to a modest advance of the Kingdom of Castile during the Reconquista.
1523 – Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes become the first Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
1569 – Union of Lublin: The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania confirm a real union; the united country is called the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth or the Republic of Both Nations.
1643 – First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
1690 – Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
1766 – Jean-François de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.
1770 – Lexell's Comet passes closer to the Earth than any other comet in recorded history, approaching to a distance of 0.0146 a.u.
1776 – Britain’s North American colonies cast their first votes on the Declaration of Independence.
1782 – Raid on Lunenburg: American privateers attack the British settlement of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
1819 – Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It was the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.
1837 – A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.
1847 – The first U.S. postage stamps were issued.
1855 – Signing of the Quinault Treaty: The Quinault and the Quileute cede their land to the United States.
1858 – Joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society in London.
1859 – The first intercollegiate baseball game was played in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Amherst beat Williams, 66-32.
1862 – The Russian State Library is founded as The Library of the Moscow Public Museum.
1862 – Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Louis of Hesse, the future Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse.
1862 – American Civil War: The Battle of Malvern Hill takes place. It is the final battle in the Seven Days Campaign, part of George B. McClellan's Peninsula Campaign.
1863 – Keti Koti (Emancipation Day) in Suriname, marking the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands.
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| 1863 - Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. |
1867 – The British North America Act of 1867 takes effect as the Constitution of Canada, creating the Canadian Confederation and the federal dominion of Canada. It consisted at the time of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and future provinces of Ontario and Quebec. Sir John A. Macdonald was sworn in as the first Prime Minister of Canada. This date is commemorated annually in Canada as Canada Day, a national holiday.
1870 – The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
1873 – Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
1874 – The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
1874 – The Philadelphia Zoological Society, the first U.S. zoo, opens to the public.
1878 – Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
1879 – Charles Taze Russell publishes the first edition of the religious magazine The Watchtower.
1881 – The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, United States.
1881 – General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell and Childers reforms of the British Army, comes into effect.
1885 – The United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
1890 – Canada and Bermuda are linked by telegraph cable.
1898 – Spanish–American War: The Battle of San Juan Hill is fought in Santiago de Cuba. Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders lead a charge up Cuba's heavily fortified San Juan Hill in a key Spanish-American War battle.
1903 – Start of first Tour de France bicycle race.
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| London - arrest of a suffragette [between ca. 1910 and ca. 1915] |
1904 – America is host to its first Summer Olympics, held in St. Louis, MO.
1908 – SOS is adopted as the international distress signal.
1908 – More than a thousand suffragettes in London attempted to rescue 28 of their fellow protesters who were arrested by police following a demonstration in Parliament Square.
1911 – Germany despatches the gunship Panther to Morocco, sparking the Agadir Crisis.
1915 – Leutnant Kurt Wintgens of the then-named German Fliegertruppe air service achieves the first known aerial victory with a synchronized machine-gun armed fighter plane, the Fokker M.5K/MG Eindecker.
1916 – World War I: First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 19,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded in a massive offense against German forces in France's Somme River region. It is the worst single day of casualties in British military history.
1916 – The first attack of the Jersey Shore Shark Attacks of 1916 occurs.
1921 – The Communist Party of China (CPC) is founded.
1922 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1922 begins in the United States.
1923 – The Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
1931 – United Airlines begins service (as Boeing Air Transport).
1932 – Australia's national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, was formed.
1932 – Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt for president. FDR was elected to four consecutive terms.
1933 – Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly solo around the world traveling 15,596 miles (25,099 km) in seven days, 18 hours and 45 minutes.
1935 – Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted Police ambush strikers participating in the On-to-Ottawa Trek.
1940 – The original Tacoma Narrows Bridge opens to traffic despite concerns over its tendency to “bounce” in windy conditions, inspiring the nickname “Galloping Gertie.” (The main section would collapse four months later on November 7.)
1941 – NBC broadcast the first FCC-sanctioned TV commercial, a spot for Bulova watches shown during a Dodgers-Phillies game. It cost Bulova $9.
1942 – World War II: First Battle of El Alamein.
1942 – The Australian Federal Government becomes the sole collector of income tax in Australia as State Income Tax is abolished.
1943 – Tokyo City merges with Tokyo Prefecture and is dissolved. Since this date, no city in Japan has the name "Tokyo" (present-day Tokyo is not officially a city).
1946 – The United States conducted its first post-war test of the atomic bomb at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific.
1947 – The Philippine Air Force is established.
1948 – Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Quaid-i-Azam) inaugurates Pakistan's central bank, the State Bank of Pakistan.
1949 – The merger of two princely states of India, Cochin and Travancore, into the state of Thiru-Kochi (later re-organized as Kerala) in the Indian Union ends more than 1,000 years of princely rule by the Cochin Royal Family.
1957 – The International Geophysical Year begins.
1958 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
1958 – Flooding of Canada's St. Lawrence Seaway begins.
1959 – The Party of the African Federation holds its constitutive conference.
1959 – Specific values for the international yard, avoirdupois pound and derived units (e.g. inch, mile and ounce) are adopted after agreement between the U.S.A., the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries.
1960 – Independence of Somalia.
1960 – Ghana becomes a Republic and Kwame Nkrumah becomes its first President as Queen Elizabeth II ceases to be its Head of state.
1962 – Independence of Rwanda and Burundi.
1963 – ZIP codes are introduced for United States mail.
1963 – The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
1966 – The first color television transmission in Canada takes place from Toronto.
1967 – The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
1967 – Canada celebrates the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act, 1867, which officially made Canada its own federal dominion.
1968 – The United States Central Intelligence Agency's Phoenix Program is officially established.
1968 – The Nuclear non-proliferation treaty is signed in Washington, D.C., London and Moscow by sixty-two countries.
1968 – Formal separation of the United Auto Workers from the AFL–CIO in the United States.
1970 – President General Yahya Khan abolishes One-Unit of West Pakistan restoring the provinces.
1972 – The first Gay Pride march in England takes place.
1976 – Portugal grants autonomy to Madeira.
1978 – The Northern Territory in Australia is granted Self-Government.
1979 – Sony introduces the Walkman, known as the Soundabout, in U.S. stores. It sold for about $200.
1980 – "O Canada" officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
1981 – The Wonderland murders occur in the early morning hours in Los Angeles, allegedly masterminded by businessman and drug dealer Eddie Nash.
1983 – A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djallon mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
1984 – The PG-13 rating is introduced by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).
1987 – The American radio station WFAN in New York, New York is launched as the world's first all-sports radio station.
1990 – German reunification: East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark replacing the mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
1991 – The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
1997 – China resumes sovereignty over the city-state of Hong Kong, ending 156 years of British colonial rule.
1999 – The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Elizabeth II on the day that legislative powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh.
2002 – The International Criminal Court is established to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
2002 – Bashkirian Airlines Flight 2937 and a DHL (German cargo) Boeing 757 collide in mid-air over Überlingen, southern Germany, killing all 71 on the two planes -- 69 on the airliner and two on the cargo aircraft.
2003 – Over 500,000 people protest against efforts to pass anti-sedition legislation in Hong Kong.
2004 – Saturn orbit insertion of Cassini–Huygens begins at 01:12 UTC and ends at 02:48 UTC.
2005 – Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman on the U.S. Supreme Court, announced she planned to retire.
2006 – The first operation of Qinghai–Tibet Railway in China.
2007 – The Concert for Diana is held at the new Wembley Stadium in London and broadcast in 140 countries.
2007 – Smoking in England is banned in all public indoor spaces.
2007 – Moshe Katsav stepped down as president of Israel, a post he had held since 2000. Rape charges against him were dropped in exchange for a guilty plea to sexual harassment.
2008 – Rioting erupts in Mongolia in response to allegations of fraud surrounding the 2008 legislative elections.
2012 – A military court in Israel sentenced a former Hamas commander, Ibrahim Hamed, to 54 life prison terms for his role in 2001-03 terror attacks that killed scores of Israelis.
2013 – Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.
2013 – The United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) begins its operative peacekeeping mandate in Mali.
2013 – A year after Mohamed Morsi became president of Egypt, hundreds of thousands of protesters marched in cities across the country, calling for him to step down. Morsi was ousted by the military two days later.
2013 – Neptune's moon S/2004 N 1 is discovered.
2014 – A U.N. report said conflicts in Iraq killed about 2,400 people in June, more than half of them civilians, "the deadliest month in the country since 2007."
2015 – Militants launch attacks on Egyptian Armed Forces checkpoints in North Sinai, leaving dozens of security personnel and insurgents killed.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Octave of the Birth of St. John the Baptist. Double.
Commemoration of the Octave of SS. Peter and Paul.
Feast of the Most Precious Blood. Double of the 1st Class.
Contemporary Western
Aaron (Syriac Christianity)
Blessed Antonio Rosmini-Serbati
Blessed Fray Junípero Serra
Julius and Aaron
Leontius of Autun
Servanus
Blessed Antonio Rosmini-Serbati
Blessed Fray Junípero Serra
Julius and Aaron
Leontius of Autun
Servanus
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Holy and Wonderworking Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian, brothers (284)
Holy 2000 Martyrs, by the sword
Holy 25 Martyrs in Nicomedia, by fire
Saint Maurice
Venerable Peter the Patrician (Peter of Constantinople), monk (854)
Venerable Basil, founder of the Monastery of the Deep Stream, Cappadocia (10th c.)
Saint Leo the Hermit, Ascetic
Holy 2000 Martyrs, by the sword
Holy 25 Martyrs in Nicomedia, by fire
Saint Maurice
Venerable Peter the Patrician (Peter of Constantinople), monk (854)
Venerable Basil, founder of the Monastery of the Deep Stream, Cappadocia (10th c.)
Saint Leo the Hermit, Ascetic
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Martin of Vienne, third Bishop of Vienne in France (c. 132)
Martyr Potitus at Naples (161)
Martyrs Julius and Aaron, Protomartyrs of Wales, suffered in Caerleon-on-Usk
under Diocletian (304)
Saints Castus and Secundinus, much venerated in the south of Italy;
they were born in Sinuessa (Mondragone) near Caserta (305)
Saint Domitian (c. 337-440)
Saint Theodoric (Thierry, Theodericus), Abbot of Mont d'Or near Rheims in the
north of France; priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius (c. 533)
Saint Carilefus (Calais), a companion of St Avitus, founded the monastery
of Anisole in Maine in France (c. 536)
Saint Gal I (Gallus of Clermont), a monk who was ordained deacon by St Quintian,
Bishop of Clermont; was uncle and teacher of St Gregory of Tours (c. 553)
Saint Leonorius (Léonor, Lunaire) (c. 570)
Saint Eparchius (Cybar), born in a noble family in Périgord in France, he renounced
his title to become a monk at Sessac in Gaul (581)
Saint Serf (Servanus), the Apostle of West Fife in Scotland who reposed
and was buried in Culross (c. 583)
Saint Veep ((Veepus, Veepy, Wimp, Wennapa), patron saint
of St Veep in Cornwall (6th c.)
Saint Cewydd, a saint of Anglesey in Wales and at Lancaut
in Gloucestershire in England (6th c.)
Saint Juthware, sister of St. Sidwell; she was of British descent
and lived in Devon in England (7th c.)
Martyr Potitus at Naples (161)
Martyrs Julius and Aaron, Protomartyrs of Wales, suffered in Caerleon-on-Usk
under Diocletian (304)
Saints Castus and Secundinus, much venerated in the south of Italy;
they were born in Sinuessa (Mondragone) near Caserta (305)
Saint Domitian (c. 337-440)
Saint Theodoric (Thierry, Theodericus), Abbot of Mont d'Or near Rheims in the
north of France; priest and disciple of the blessed Bishop Remigius (c. 533)
Saint Carilefus (Calais), a companion of St Avitus, founded the monastery
of Anisole in Maine in France (c. 536)
Saint Gal I (Gallus of Clermont), a monk who was ordained deacon by St Quintian,
Bishop of Clermont; was uncle and teacher of St Gregory of Tours (c. 553)
Saint Leonorius (Léonor, Lunaire) (c. 570)
Saint Eparchius (Cybar), born in a noble family in Périgord in France, he renounced
his title to become a monk at Sessac in Gaul (581)
Saint Serf (Servanus), the Apostle of West Fife in Scotland who reposed
and was buried in Culross (c. 583)
Saint Veep ((Veepus, Veepy, Wimp, Wennapa), patron saint
of St Veep in Cornwall (6th c.)
Saint Cewydd, a saint of Anglesey in Wales and at Lancaut
in Gloucestershire in England (6th c.)
Saint Juthware, sister of St. Sidwell; she was of British descent
and lived in Devon in England (7th c.)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Martyr Constantine of Cyprus (Constantine of Allemagne), Wonderworker,
and those with him (late 12th c.)
Saint Leontius of Rădăuți, Bishop of Rădăuți in Moldavia (1432)
Saint Angelina of Serbia, despotina (16th c.)
and those with him (late 12th c.)
Saint Leontius of Rădăuți, Bishop of Rădăuți in Moldavia (1432)
Saint Angelina of Serbia, despotina (16th c.)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Arcadius Garyaev, priest (1918)
New Hieromartyr Alexis Drozdov, deacon (1942)
New Hieromartyr Alexis Drozdov, deacon (1942)
Other commemorations
Second translation of the relics of Venerable John of Rila (946),
from Veliko Tarnovo to Rila (1470)
Repose of Patriarch Volodymyr (Romaniuk) (Ukrainian Orthodox
Church - Kiev Patriarchate) (1995)
from Veliko Tarnovo to Rila (1470)
Repose of Patriarch Volodymyr (Romaniuk) (Ukrainian Orthodox
Church - Kiev Patriarchate) (1995)
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