411 BC – The Athenian coup succeeds, forming a short-lived oligarchy.
53 – The Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia.
68 – The Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, after quoting Homer's Iliad, thus ending the Julio-Claudian dynasty and starting the civil war known as the Year of the Four Emperors.
721 – Odo of Aquitaine defeats the Moors in the Battle of Toulouse.
747 – Abbasid Revolution: Abu Muslim Khorasani, Arab military leader, begins an open revolt against Umayyad rule, which is carried out under the sign of the Black Standard.
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| Duccio's Maestà Altarpiece |
1534 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the Saint Lawrence River.
1650 – The Harvard Corporation, the more powerful of the two administrative boards of Harvard, is established. It is the first legal corporation in the Americas.
1667 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: The Raid on the Medway by the Dutch fleet begins. It lasts for five days and results in the worst ever defeat of the Royal Navy.
1732 – James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of the future U.S. state of Georgia.
1762 – British forces begin the Siege of Havana and capture the city during the Seven Years' War.
1772 – The British schooner Gaspee is burned off the coast of Rhode Island.
1798 – Irish Rebellion of 1798: Battle of Arklow and Battle of Saintfield.
1815 – End of the Congress of Vienna: the new European political situation is set. Also, Luxembourg declares independence from the French Empire.
1856 – Five hundred Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa, for the Mormon Trail, and head west for Salt Lake City carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts.
1862 – American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson concludes his successful Shenandoah Valley Campaign with a victory in the Battle of Port Republic; his tactics during the campaign are now studied by militaries around the world.
1863 – American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, the largest cavalry battle ever fought on North American soil, was fought in Northern Virginia. Camped in Culpepper County, Virginia was the entire Cavalry Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia, under General J.E.B. Stuart. At dawn on June 9, Major General Alfred Pleasonton, with 11,000 Union Cavalry, crossed the Rappahannock River and launched a surprise attack on the Confederate camp. Stuart’s command was caught completely off guard, and as lines of blue horsemen charged towards them, many had to jump into their saddles wearing only their nightshirts. At the end of the day, no side could truly claim that they were the winners. The Confederates claimed victory because they held the field at the end of the battle, but they had been taken completely by surprise by the Union cavalry and were shown in brutally clear fashion that their Union counterparts now matched them in skill and tenacity.
1873 – Alexandra Palace in London burns down after being open for only 16 days.
1885 – Treaty of Tientsin is signed to end the Sino-French War, with China eventually giving up Tonkin and Annam – most of present-day Vietnam – to France.
1900 – Birsa Munda, an important figure in the Indian independence movement, dies in a British prison under mysterious circumstances.
1909 – Housewife Alice Huyler Ramsey is the first female to drive across the U.S. She drove from NYC to San Francisco in 59 days.
1915 – William Jennings Bryan resigns as Woodrow Wilson's Secretary of State over a disagreement regarding the United States' handling of the sinking of the RMS Lusitania.
1923 – Bulgaria's military takes over the government in a coup.
1928 – Charles Kingsford Smith completes the first trans-Pacific flight in a Fokker Trimotor monoplane, the Southern Cross.
1930 – A Chicago Tribune reporter, Jake Lingle, is killed during rush hour at the Illinois Central train station by Leo Vincent Brothers, allegedly over a $100,000 gambling debt owed to Al Capone.
1934 – Donald Duck makes his first appearance in a cartoon entitled The Wise Little Hen.
1943 – Tax-Withholding Law: After more than a year of wrangling in the bureaucracy and in Congress, the Current Tax Payment Act was signed into law, and the federal government began withholding income tax from paychecks.
1944 – World War II: Ninety-nine civilians are hanged from lampposts and balconies by German troops in Tulle, France, in reprisal for maquisards attacks.
1944 – World War II: the Soviet Union invades East Karelia and the previously Finnish part of Karelia, occupied by Finland since 1941.
1946 – After King Ananda Mahidol is found shot dead in his bedroom, Bhumibol Adulyadej ascends to the throne of Thailand. He is currently the world's longest reigning monarch.
1948 – Foundation of the International Council on Archives under the auspices of the UNESCO.
1953 – Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence: a tornado spawned from the same storm system as the Flint tornado hits in Worcester, Massachusetts, killing 94.
1954 – McCarthyism: Joseph Welch, special counsel for the United States Army, lashes out at Senator Joseph McCarthy during hearings on whether Communism has infiltrated the Army giving McCarthy the famous rebuke, "You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?"
1957 – First ascent of Broad Peak by Fritz Wintersteller, Marcus Schmuck, Kurt Diemberger, and Hermann Buhl.
1958 – Queen Elizabeth II officially opens London's Gatwick Airport in Crawley, West Sussex, United Kingdom.
1959 – The USS George Washington is launched. It is the first submarine to carry ballistic missiles.
1962 – Singer Tony Bennett performs at Carnegie Hall in NYC for the first time.
1965 – The civilian Prime Minister of South Vietnam, Phan Huy Quát, resigns after being unable to work with a junta led by Nguyễn Cao Kỳ.
1965 – Vietnam War: The Viet Cong commences combat with the Army of the Republic of Vietnam in the Battle of Đồng Xoài, one of the largest battles in the war.
1967 – Six-Day War: Israel captures the Golan Heights from Syria.
1968 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson declares a national day of mourning following the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
1972 – Severe rainfall causes a dam in the Black Hills of South Dakota to burst, creating a flood that kills 238 people and causes $160 million in damage.
1973 – In horse racing, Secretariat wins the U.S. Triple Crown.
1974 – Portugal and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations.
1978 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints opens its priesthood to "all worthy men", ending a 148-year-old policy of excluding black men.
1979 – The Ghost Train fire at Luna Park Sydney (Australia) kills seven.
1985 – Thomas Sutherland is kidnapped in Lebanon. He will not be released until 1991.
1999 – Kosovo War: the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and NATO sign a peace treaty.
2008 – Two bombs explode at a train station near Algiers, Algeria, killing at least 13 people.
2009 – An explosion kills 17 people and injures at least 46 at a hotel in Peshawar, Pakistan.
2010 – At least 40 people are killed and more than 70 others are wounded as an explosion rips through an evening wedding party in Arghandab, Kandahar.
2015 – The Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army claims to have captured a major Syrian Army base known as Brigade 52 in Daraa Governorate.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Translation of St. Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, Confessor. Greater Double.
Primus and Felician, Martyrs.
Contemporary Western
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Saint Cyril of Alexandria, archbishop (444)
Venerable Cyril of White Lake, abbot in Byeloczersk (1427)
Saint Columba (Columkille), Enlightener of Scotland,
founder of the monastery at Iona (597)
Saint Alexander of Kushta in Vologda, abbot (1439)
Nuns martyred by beheading in Persia: Thecla, Mariamne, Martha,
Mary, and Enmatha (346)
Righteous Cyril of Velsk in Vologda
Hieromartyr Alexander of Prusa
Martyr Ananias
Saint Cyril, monk
Venerable Cyril of White Lake, abbot in Byeloczersk (1427)
Saint Columba (Columkille), Enlightener of Scotland,
founder of the monastery at Iona (597)
Saint Alexander of Kushta in Vologda, abbot (1439)
Nuns martyred by beheading in Persia: Thecla, Mariamne, Martha,
Mary, and Enmatha (346)
Righteous Cyril of Velsk in Vologda
Hieromartyr Alexander of Prusa
Martyr Ananias
Saint Cyril, monk
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Alexis (Mechev), Priest of Moscow (1922)
Other commemorations
Repose of Hieromonk Vitaly of Valaam (1856)
Coptic Orthodox
107th Pope of Alexandria & Patriarch of the See of St. Mark, 1769-1796
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