68 – The Roman Senate proclaims Galba as emperor.
218 – Battle of Antioch: with the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. He flees, but is captured near Chalcedon and later executed in Cappadocia.
632 – Muhammad, Islamic prophet, dies in Medina and is succeeded by Abu Bakr who becomes the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
793 – Vikings raid the abbey at Lindisfarne in Northumbria, commonly accepted as the beginning of Norse activity in the British Isles (the Scandinavian invasion of England).
1042 – Edward the Confessor becomes King of England, one of the last Anglo-Saxon kings of England.
1191 – Richard I arrives in Acre (Palestine) thus beginning his crusade.
1405 – Richard le Scrope, the Archbishop of York, and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, are executed in York on Henry IV's orders.
1690 – Yadi Sakat, a Siddi general, razes the Mazagon Fort in Mumbai.
1776 – The Battle of Trois-Rivières was fought in Quebec, Canada, during the American Revolution. After being led into a swamp by a Canadian farmer, Continental troops under the command of Brigadier General William Thompson engaged British troops under the command of Governor Guy Carleton. The two sides exchanged fire just as the Americans emerged from the swampy woodland, and from start the Americans were clearly outmatched by their British foe. They promptly broke and ran. Unfortunately, the British had cut off many of the Americans’ avenues of retreat, capturing many of them, including General Thompson. The British won a smashing victory over the American army, and effectively ended the American invasion of Canada, which had been launched back in September 1775 with the object of liberating the province from British rule. Many Americans thought that as soon as Patriot troops entered Canada, the French Canadians, who had been under British rule since the end of the French and Indian War, would rise up in droves and join the Continentals. This was simply not the case, and by early 1776, the Americans were being turned back. Trois-Rivières cost the Americans almost 50 killed and 236 captured. In sharp contrast, the British suffered a mere eight men killed and nine wounded.
1783 – Laki, a volcano in Iceland, begins an eight-month eruption which kills over 9,000 people and starts a seven-year famine.
1789 – James Madison introduces twelve proposed amendments to the United States Constitution in the House of Representatives; by 1791, ten of them are ratified by the state legislatures and become the Bill of Rights; another is eventually ratified in 1992 to become the 27th Amendment.
1794 – Robespierre inaugurates the French Revolution's new state religion, the Cult of the Supreme Being, with large organized festivals all across France.
1856 – A group of 194 Pitcairn Islanders, descendants of the mutineers of HMS Bounty, arrives at Norfolk Island, commencing the Third Settlement of the Island.
1861 – American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Cross Keys: Confederate forces under General Stonewall Jackson save the Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on the James Peninsula led by General George B. McClellan.
1867 – Coronation of Franz Joseph as King of Hungary following the Austro-Hungarian compromise (Ausgleich).
1887 – Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,791 for the 'Art of Applying Statistics', his punched card calculator.
1905 – President Theodore Roosevelt sends notes to Japan and Russia to persuade them to negotiate and end hostilities. He offered his personal services to each country.
1906 – Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.
1912 – Carl Laemmle incorporates Universal Pictures.
1928 – Second Northern Expedition: The National Revolutionary Army captures Peking, whose name is changed to Beijing ("Northern Capital").
1929 – Margaret Bondfield is appointed Minister of Labour. She is the first woman appointed to the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.
1940 – World War II: the completion of Operation Alphabet, the evacuation of Allied forces from Narvik at the end of the Norwegian Campaign.
1941 – World War II: The Allies commence the Syria–Lebanon Campaign against the possessions of Vichy France in the Levant.
1942 – World War II: The Japanese imperial submarines I-21 and I-24 shell the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle.
1948 – Milton Berle hosts the debut of Texaco Star Theater.
1949 – The celebrities Helen Keller, Dorothy Parker, Danny Kaye, Fredric March, John Garfield, Paul Muni and Edward G. Robinson are named in an FBI report as Communist Party members.
1949 – George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four is published.
1950 – Sir Thomas Blamey becomes the only Australian-born Field Marshal in Australian history.
1953 – An F5 tornado hits Beecher, Michigan, killing 116, injuring 844, and destroying 340 homes.
1953 – The United States Supreme Court rules that restaurants in Washington, D.C., cannot refuse to serve black patrons.
1959 – The USS Barbero and United States Postal Service attempt the delivery of mail via Missile Mail.
1966 – An F-104 Starfighter collides with XB-70 Valkyrie prototype no. 2, destroying both planes during a photo shoot near Edwards Air Force Base. Joseph A. Walker, a NASA pilot, and Carl Cross, a United States Air Force test pilot, are both killed.
1966 – Topeka, Kansas, is devastated by a tornado that registers as an "F5" on the Fujita Scale: the first to exceed US$100 million in damages. Sixteen people are killed, hundreds more injured, and thousands of homes damaged or destroyed.
1967 – Six-Day War: Israeli forces mistakenly attacked the USS Liberty, which was anchored near the Gaza Strip. Both aircraft and torpedo boats attacked the American Naval vessel, heavily damaging it Thirty-four Americans were killed and 171 were wounded in the incident.
1967 – Six-Day War: The Israeli army enters Hebron and the Cave of the Patriarchs.
1968 – Robert F. Kennedy's funeral takes place at the St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City.
1972 – Vietnam War: Nine-year-old Phan Thị Kim Phúc is burned by napalm, an event captured by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut moments later while the young girl is seen running down a road, in what would become an iconic, Pulitzer Prize-winning photo.
1982 – Bluff Cove Air Attacks during the Falklands War: 56 British servicemen are killed by an Argentine air attack on two landing ships, RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram.
1984 – Homosexuality is declared legal in the Australian state of New South Wales.
1987 – New Zealand's Labour government establishes a national nuclear-free zone under the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament, and Arms Control Act 1987.
1992 – The first World Ocean Day is celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1995 – The downed U.S. Air Force pilot Captain Scott O'Grady is rescued by U.S. Marines in Bosnia.
2001 – Mamoru Takuma kills eight and injures 15 in a mass stabbing at an elementary school in the Osaka Prefecture of Japan.
2004 – The first Venus Transit in modern history takes place, the previous one being in 1882.
2007 – Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, is hit by the State's worst storms and flooding in 30 years resulting in the death of nine people and the grounding of a trade ship, the MV Pasha Bulker.
2008 – At least 37 miners go missing after an explosion in an Ukrainian coal mine causes it to collapse.
2008 – At least seven people are killed and ten injured in a stabbing spree in Tokyo, Japan.
2009 – Two American journalists are found guilty of illegally entering North Korea and sentenced to 12 years of penal labour.
2013 – The Wedding of Princess Madeleine of Sweden and Christopher O'Neill takes place in Stockholm, Sweden.
2014 – At least 28 people are killed in an attack on Jinnah International Airport in Karachi, Pakistan.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
William, Archbishop of York, Confessor. Double.
Contemporary Western
Chlodulf of Metz
Jacques Berthieu
Jadwiga of Poland
Medard
Melania the Elder
William of York
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Roland Allen (Episcopal Church (USA))
Thomas Ken (Church of England)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Saint Ephraim of Antioch, Patriarch (545)
Saint Zosimas of Phoenicia, monk (6th century)
Saint Atre (Athre) of Nitria in Egypt (5th century)
Saint Naucratius, abbot of the Studion (848)
Saint Theodore, Bishop of Rostov and Suzdal (991)
Martyr Teophanes, monk, at Constantinople (1559)
Saints Basil and Constantine, princes of Yaroslavl
Saint Theophilus of Luga and Otmuch
Russian new martyrs Barlaam, bishop, and his brother Herman, bishop (1942, 1937)
Saint Medardus, bishop in the Netherlands
Martyr Callopia, also Calliope, Kalliope, Kalliopi (martyr)
Saint Melania, nun
Martyr Nicander
Martyr Mark
Saint Zosimas of Phoenicia, monk (6th century)
Saint Atre (Athre) of Nitria in Egypt (5th century)
Saint Naucratius, abbot of the Studion (848)
Saint Theodore, Bishop of Rostov and Suzdal (991)
Martyr Teophanes, monk, at Constantinople (1559)
Saints Basil and Constantine, princes of Yaroslavl
Saint Theophilus of Luga and Otmuch
Russian new martyrs Barlaam, bishop, and his brother Herman, bishop (1942, 1937)
Saint Medardus, bishop in the Netherlands
Martyr Callopia, also Calliope, Kalliope, Kalliopi (martyr)
Saint Melania, nun
Martyr Nicander
Martyr Mark
Other commemorations
Translation of the relics of Greatmartyr Theodore Stratelates (319)
Coptic Orthodox
Saint Cosmas of Taha and his companions
Consecration of the church of Saint Leontius
Consecration of the church of Saint Phoebammon
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