1358 – Republic of Dubrovnik is founded.
1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs.
1743 – War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Dettingen: On the battlefield in Bavaria, George II personally leads troops into battle. This is the last time that a British monarch would command troops in the field.
1759 – General James Wolfe begins the siege of Quebec.
1760 – Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina during the Anglo-Cherokee War.
1778 – The Liberty Bell is returned home to Philadelphia.
1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first British invasions of the Río de la Plata.
1829 – English scientist James Smithson left a will that eventually funded the establishment of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington -- in a country he never visited.
1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail.
1847 – The first telegraph wire links were established between New York City and Boston.
1859 – Louisville, Ky., schoolteacher Mildred Hill composed a tune for her students and called it "Good Morning To You." Her sister, Patty, who wrote the lyrics, later added a verse that began "Happy Birthday To You."
1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York, New York, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives.
1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.
1899 – A. E. J. Collins scores 628 runs not out, the highest-ever recorded score in cricket.
1905 – Russo-Japanese War: Battleship Potemkin uprising: sailors start a mutiny aboard the battleship Potemkin, denouncing the crimes of autocracy, demanding liberty and an end to war.
1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi leads a conference to discuss Japan's plans for China; later, a document detailing these plans, the "Tanaka Memorial" is leaked, although it is now considered a forgery.
1929 – Bell Laboratories demonstrates the color TV for the first time.
1941 – World War II: Iași pogrom: Romanian governmental forces, allies of Nazi Germany, launch a series of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the Romanian city of Iaşi, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews, according to Romanian authorities.
1941 – German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa.
1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship.
1950 – U.S. President Harry S. Truman ordered naval and air forces to help repel the North Korean invasion of South Korea.
1952 – Guatemala passes Decree 900, ordering the redistribution of uncultivated land.
1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow.
1954 – The 1954 FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game.
1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas-Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana.
1971 – After only three years in business, rock promoter Bill Graham closes the Fillmore East in New York, New York, the "Church of Rock and Roll".
1972 – Atari, Inc. is founded by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney in Sunnyvale, California.
1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship.
1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union.
1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda.
1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti.
1979 – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled private employers could give special preferences to blacks to eliminate "manifest racial imbalance" in traditionally white-only jobs.
1980 – Italian Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 mysteriously explodes in mid air while en route from Bologna to Palermo, killing all 81 on board. Also known in Italy as the Ustica disaster
1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong.
1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4.
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1988 – Gare de Lyon rail accident: In Paris a train collides with a stationary train killing 56 people.
1991 – Slovenia, after declaring independence two days before is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft starting the Ten-Day War.
1991 – Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall announced he was retiring from the U.S. Supreme Court. He was the first African-American to sit on the high court.
1995 – The space shuttle Atlantis was launched from Cape Canaveral, Fla., on a historic mission to dock with the Russian space station Mir. Docking occurred two days later.
2003 – The U.S. Federal Trade Commission opened a long-awaited nationwide registry for people who want to block unwanted telemarketing calls.
2005 – Dennis Rader, the so-called "BTK" (bind, torture, kill) killer, pleaded guilty to 10 slayings in the Wichita, Kan., area. He was sentenced to life in prison.
2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. Blair was succeeded by Gordon Brown and became Britain's envoy to the Middle East.
2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre.
2008 – In a highly scrutizined election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters.
2009 – A top health official said the H1N1 virus, known as swine flu, killed 127 people of the more than 1 million infected in the United States. About 3,000 were reported hospitalized.
2011 – A federal court jury in Chicago convicted former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich on 17 felony corruption charges that included trying to sell the U.S. Senate seat vacated by Barack Obama after the 2008 presidential election. Blagojevich was sentenced to 14 years in prison.
2012 – Tanzanian Deputy Interior Minister Pereira Silima said about 42 migrants died of asphyxiation riding in a truck packed with more than 120 people.
2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun.
2013 – Kevin Rudd was sworn in as Australia's prime minister for the second time in three years, regaining the post after defeating Julia Gillard in a Labor Party leadership vote. He then resigned in September after the party was defeated.
2014 – A review of the troubled Veterans Health Administration requested by President Barack Obama said the VHA had a "corrosive culture," poor management, outdated technology, inadequate facilities, a shortage of doctors and nurses and a history of retaliation against employees.
2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India.
2015 – A midair explosion from flammable powder at a recreational water park in Taiwan injures at least 510 people with about 183 in serious condition in intensive care.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Within the Octave of the Birth of St. John.
Contemporary Western
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Cyril of Alexandria (Anglican Communion and Lutheran Church)
Cornelius Hill, Priest and Chief among the Oneida (Episcopal Church (U.S.))
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Venerable Sampson the Hospitable of Constantinople (530)
Saint Severus of Interocrea in Italy, presbyter (6th century)
Saint Joanna the Myrrh-bearer (1st century)
Martyr Anectus of Caesarea in Cappadocia
Blessed Martin of Turov (12th century)
Russian New Martyr Gregory Nikolsky (1918)
Saint Luke the Hermit
Martyrs Mark and Marcia
Hieromartyr Pierius of Antioch, presbyter
Hieromartyr Cyril Loukaris, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Saint Severus of Interocrea in Italy, presbyter (6th century)
Saint Joanna the Myrrh-bearer (1st century)
Martyr Anectus of Caesarea in Cappadocia
Blessed Martin of Turov (12th century)
Russian New Martyr Gregory Nikolsky (1918)
Saint Luke the Hermit
Martyrs Mark and Marcia
Hieromartyr Pierius of Antioch, presbyter
Hieromartyr Cyril Loukaris, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
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