1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many historians consider this to mark the end of the High Renaissance. 147 Swiss Guards, including their commander, die fighting the forces of Charles V in order to allow Pope Clement VII to escape into Castel Sant'Angelo.
1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanish.
1536 – King Henry VIII orders English-language Bibles be placed in every church. In 1539 the Great Bible would be provided for this purpose.
1542 – Francis Xavier reaches Old Goa, the capital of Portuguese India at the time.
1659 – English Restoration: A faction of the British Army removes Richard Cromwell as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth and reinstalls the Rump Parliament.
1682 – Louis XIV moves his court to the Palace of Versailles.
1757 – The end of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War, and the end of Burmese Civil War (1740–1757).
1757 – English poet Christopher Smart is admitted into St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics in London, beginning his six-year confinement to mental asylums.
1782 – Construction begins on the Grand Palace, the royal residence of the King of Siam in Bangkok, at the command of King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke.
1801 – Captain Thomas Cochrane in the 14-gun HMS Speedy captures the 32-gun Spanish frigate El Gamo.
1835 – James Gordon Bennett, Sr. publishes the first issue of the New York Herald.
1837 – Blacksmith John Deere creates the first steel plough. He later founded Deere & Company.
1840 – The Penny Black postage stamp becomes valid for use in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
1844 – The Glaciarium, the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens.
1857 – The British East India Company disbands the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry whose sepoy Mangal Pandey had earlier revolted against the British and is considered to be the First Martyr in the War of Indian Independence.
1861 – American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
1863 – American Civil War: The Battle of Chancellorsville ends with the defeat of the Army of the Potomac by Confederate troops.
1877 – Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Sioux surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
1882 – Thomas Henry Burke and Lord Frederick Cavendish are stabbed and killed during the Phoenix Park Murders in Dublin.
1882 – The United States Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act.
1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened to the public at the Universal Exposition in Paris.
1902 – Macario Sakay establishes the Tagalog Republic with himself as President.
1906 – The Russian Constitution of 1906 is adopted (on April 23rd by the Julian calendar).
1910 – George V becomes King of the United Kingdom upon the death of his father, Edward VII.
1915 – Babe Ruth hits his first major league home run while pitching for the Boston Red Sox.
1916 – Twenty-one Lebanese nationalists executed in the Martyrs' Square, Beirut by Jamal Pasha, the Ottoman wāli.
1930 – The 7.1 Mw Salmas earthquake shakes northwestern Iran and southeastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Up to three-thousand people were killed.
1933 – The Deutsche Studentenschaft attacked Magnus Hirschfeld's Institut für Sexualwissenschaft, later burning many of its books.
1935 – New Deal: Executive Order 7034 creates the Works Progress Administration.
1935 – The first flight of the Curtiss P-36 Hawk.
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1940 – John Steinbeck is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his novel The Grapes of Wrath.
1941 – At California's March Field, Bob Hope performs his first USO show.
1941 – The first flight of the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt.
1942 – World War II: On Corregidor, General Jonathan Wainwright surrendered all remaining U.S. troops in the Philippines to the Japanese.
1945 – World War II: Axis Sally delivers her last propaganda broadcast to Allied troops.
1945 – World War II: The Prague Offensive, the last major battle of the Eastern Front, begins.
1949 – EDSAC, the first practical electronic digital stored-program computer, runs its first operation.
1954 – Roger Bannister becomes the first person to run the mile in under four minutes.
1960 – More than 20 million viewers watch the first televised royal wedding when Princess Margaret marries Anthony Armstrong-Jones at Westminster Abbey.
1962 – St. Martín de Porres is canonized by Pope John XXIII.
1966 – Myra Hindley and Ian Brady are sentenced to life imprisonment for the Moors murders in England.
1972 – Deniz Gezmiş, Yusuf Aslan and Hüseyin İnan are executed in Ankara for attempting to overthrow the Constitutional order.
1975 – During a lull in fighting, 100,000 Armenians gather in Beirut to commemorate 60th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.
1976 – An earthquake strikes the Friuli region of northeastern Italy, causing 989 deaths and the destruction of entire villages.
1981 – A jury of architects and sculptors unanimously selects Maya Ying Lin's design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial from 1,421 other entries.
1983 – The Hitler Diaries are revealed as a hoax after examination by experts.
1984 – One hundred three Korean Martyrs are canonized by Pope John Paul II in Seoul.
1989 – Cedar Point opens Magnum XL-200, the first roller coaster to break the 200 ft height barrier, therefore spawning what is known as the "coaster wars".
1994 – Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and French President François Mitterrand officiate at the opening of the Channel Tunnel, spanning 23 miles at length at 150 feet below sea level to connect Folkstone, England, with Sangatte, France.
1994 – Former Arkansas state worker Paula Jones files a lawsuit against United States President Bill Clinton, alleging that he had sexually harassed her in 1991.
1996 – The body of former CIA director William Colby is found washed up on a riverbank in southern Maryland, eight days after he disappeared.
1997 – The Bank of England is given independence from political control, the most significant change in the bank's 300-year history.
1998 – Kerry Wood strikes out 20 Houston Astros to tie the major league record held by Roger Clemens. He threw a one-hitter and did not walk a batter in his fifth career start.
1999 – The first elections to the devolved Scottish Parliament and Welsh Assembly are held.
2001 – During a trip to Syria, Pope John Paul II becomes the first pope to enter a mosque.
2002 – After a radio-interview at the Mediapark in Hilversum the Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn is assassinated.
2004 – The series finale of the television sitcom Friends is aired on NBC. The finale attracts 52.46 million viewers, making it the fourth most watched television series finale in U.S. history.
2013 – Three women missing for more than a decade are found alive in the U.S. city of Cleveland, Ohio. Ariel Castro, is taken into custody.
2014 – Six people are injured in a knife attack at a Chinese train station in Guangzhou – the country's third train station attack since March. Guardian
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
John, Apostle and Evangelist, before the Latin Gate. Greater Double.
Contemporary Western
Dominic Savio
Evodius of Antioch
François de Laval
Gerard of Lunel
Lucius of Cyrene
Petronax of Monte Cassino
Evodius of Antioch
François de Laval
Gerard of Lunel
Lucius of Cyrene
Petronax of Monte Cassino
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Righteous Job the Long-suffering
Martyrs Danax, Mesirus (Mesiurs), and Therin
Martyrs Demetrius, and Donatus
Saints Mamas, Pachomius, and Hilarion, monks
Martyrs Barbarus the Soldier (Barbaruldier), Bacchus, Callimachus,
and Dionysius, in Morea (362)
Martyr Barbarus in Thessaly, the former robber (9th c.)
Martyrs Danax, Mesirus (Mesiurs), and Therin
Martyrs Demetrius, and Donatus
Saints Mamas, Pachomius, and Hilarion, monks
Martyrs Barbarus the Soldier (Barbaruldier), Bacchus, Callimachus,
and Dionysius, in Morea (362)
Martyr Barbarus in Thessaly, the former robber (9th c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Lucius of Cyrene (1st c.)
Martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others in Africa (284–305)
St. Benedicta, virgin, mystic and nun, lived in a convent founded by St. Galla
in Rome (6th c.)
Saint Edbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne (698)
Saint Petronax of Monte Cassino (c. 747)
Martyrs Heliodorus and Venustus and seventy-five others in Africa (284–305)
St. Benedicta, virgin, mystic and nun, lived in a convent founded by St. Galla
in Rome (6th c.)
Saint Edbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne (698)
Saint Petronax of Monte Cassino (c. 747)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Vladimir II Monomakh (Volodymyr Monomakh), Sovereign of Kievan Rus' (1125)
Venerable Micah (Micheas), the disciple of the Saint Sergius of Radonezh (1385)
Venerable Sinaites of Serbia (from Ravanica) (14th century):
Romilus of Ravanica; Romanus of Djunisa; Sisoes of Sinai and Sisojevac;
Martyrius of Rukumije; Gregory of Gornjak; Zosimas of Tuman;
and Gregory of Sinai (Mt. Athos)
Saint Seraphim of Mt. Domvu (Seraphim of Livadeia) (1602)
Venerable Job of Pochaev, abbot and wonderworker (1651)
Blessed Theophylact Lopatinsky, Archbishop of Tver, Defender of Orthodoxy (1741)
Blessed Sophia of Kleisoura (Myrtidiotissa in Schema), the ascetic of Kleisoura,
Fool-for-Christ (1974)
Venerable Micah (Micheas), the disciple of the Saint Sergius of Radonezh (1385)
Venerable Sinaites of Serbia (from Ravanica) (14th century):
Romilus of Ravanica; Romanus of Djunisa; Sisoes of Sinai and Sisojevac;
Martyrius of Rukumije; Gregory of Gornjak; Zosimas of Tuman;
and Gregory of Sinai (Mt. Athos)
Saint Seraphim of Mt. Domvu (Seraphim of Livadeia) (1602)
Venerable Job of Pochaev, abbot and wonderworker (1651)
Blessed Theophylact Lopatinsky, Archbishop of Tver, Defender of Orthodoxy (1741)
Blessed Sophia of Kleisoura (Myrtidiotissa in Schema), the ascetic of Kleisoura,
Fool-for-Christ (1974)
Other commemorations
Translation of the relics (1238) of Saint Sava, first archbishop of Serbia (1235)
Translation of the relics (1675) of Saint Pachomius of Nerekhta (1384)
Birthday of Royal Martyr Tsar Nicholas II
Translation of the relics (1675) of Saint Pachomius of Nerekhta (1384)
Birthday of Royal Martyr Tsar Nicholas II
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