363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sassanid capital, but is unable to take the city.
1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under the command of Tamim ibn Yusuf defeat a Castile and León alliance under the command of Prince Sancho Alfónsez.
1167 – Battle of Monte Porzio – A Roman army supporting Pope Alexander III is defeated by Christian of Buch and Rainald of Dassel
1176 – Battle of Legnano: The Lombard League defeats Emperor Frederick I.
1328 – Philip VI is crowned King of France.
1414 – The Council of Constance ends the Western Schism and condemns Jan Hus as a heretic.
1453 – Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II Fatih captures Constantinople after a 53-day siege, ending the Byzantine Empire.
1660 – English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
1677 – Treaty of Middle Plantation establishes peace between the Virginia colonists and the local Natives.
1727 – Peter II becomes Czar of Russia.
1733 – The right of Canadians to keep Indian slaves is upheld at Quebec City.
1765 – Patrick Henry delivered his historic speech against the Stamp Act, saying about accusations of treason, "If this be treason, make the most of it!"
1780 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Waxhaws, also known as the Waxhaws Massacre, was fought near present day Buford, South Carolina. After an American force of 420 men, under the command of Colonel Abraham Buford, refused the British commander Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton’ s demand for surrender, Tarleton launched his entire force of British and Loyalist troops at the Americans. Even though the British force consisted of only 150 men, they had the advantage of being mounted, and as a result they devastated the much larger force of Americans, killing 113 and critically wounding all but 53 that remained.
1790 – Rhode Island becomes the last of the original United States' colonies to ratify the Constitution and is admitted as the 13th U.S. state.
1798 – United Irishmen Rebellion: Between 300 and 500 United Irishmen are massacred by the British Army in County Kildare, Ireland.
1807 – Mustafa IV became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
1843 – John C. Fremont, an Army officer and explorer, departed St. Louis on an expedition to explore the area then known as the Oregon Country.
1848 – Wisconsin became the 30th state of the union.
1849 – Abraham Lincoln famously says, "You can fool some of the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the time, but you can not fool all of the people all of the time."
1852 – Jenny Lind leaves New York after her two-year American tour.
1861 – The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce is founded, in Hong Kong.
1864 – Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico arrives in Mexico for the first time.
1867 – The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 ("the Compromise") is born through Act 12, which establishes the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
1868 – Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia, is assassinated in Belgrade.
1886 – The pharmacist John Pemberton places his first advertisement for Coca-Cola, which appeared in The Atlanta Journal.
1900 – N'Djamena is founded as Fort-Lamy by the French commander Émile Gentil.
1903 – In the May coup d'état, Alexander I, King of Serbia, and Queen Draga, are assassinated in Belgrade by the Black Hand (Crna Ruka) organization.
1913 – Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring receives its premiere performance in Paris, France, provoking a riot.
1914 – The Ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sinks in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence with the loss of 1,024 lives.
1918 – Armenia defeats the Ottoman Army in the Battle of Sardarabad.
1919 – Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity is tested (later confirmed) by Arthur Eddington and Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin.
1919 – The Republic of Prekmurje is founded.
1931 – Michele Schirru, a citizen of the United States, is executed by Italian military firing squad for intent to kill Benito Mussolini.
1932 – World War I veterans begin to assemble in Washington, D.C., in the Bonus Army to request cash bonuses promised to them to be paid in 1945.
1935 – First flight of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter aeroplane.
1939 – The Albanian fascist leader Tefik Mborja is appointed as member of the Italian Chamber of Fasces and Corporations.
1940 – The first flight of the Vought F4U Corsair.
1942 – Bing Crosby, the Ken Darby Singers and John Scott Trotter and his Orchestra record Irving Berlin's White Christmas, the best-selling single in history.
1945 – First combat mission of the Consolidated B-32 Dominator heavy bomber.
1948 – Creation of the United Nations peacekeeping force the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization.
1950 – The St. Roch, the first ship to circumnavigate North America, arrives in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
1953 – Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay become the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest, on Tenzing Norgay's (adopted) 39th birthday. Photo: whatwasthere.com.
1954 – First of the annual Bilderberg conferences.
1964 – The Arab League meets in East Jerusalem to discuss the Palestinian question, leading to the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
1969 – General strike in Córdoba, Argentina, leading to the Cordobazo civil unrest.
1973 – Tom Bradley is elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles, California.
1980 – In a season with plenty of new talent, Larry Bird beats out Magic Johnson for NBA rookie of year.
1982 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit Canterbury Cathedral.
1982 – Falklands War: British forces defeat the Argentines at the Battle of Goose Green.
1985 – Heysel Stadium disaster: Thirty-nine association football fans die and hundreds are injured when a dilapidated retaining wall collapses.
1985 – Amputee Steve Fonyo completes cross-Canada marathon at Victoria, British Columbia, after 14 months.
1988 – The U.S. President Ronald Reagan begins his first visit to the Soviet Union when he arrives in Moscow for a superpower summit with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
1989 – Signing of an agreement between Egypt and the United States, allowing the manufacture of parts of the F-16 jet fighter plane in Egypt.
1990 – The Russian parliament elects Boris Yeltsin as president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
1993 – The Miss Sarajevo beauty pageant is held in war torn Sarajevo drawing global attention to the plight of its citizens.
1999 – Olusegun Obasanjo takes office as President of Nigeria, the first elected and civilian head of state in Nigeria after 16 years of military rule.
1999 – Space Shuttle Discovery completes the first docking with the International Space Station.
1999 – Charlotte Perrelli representing Sweden wins the last Eurovision Song Contest of the millenium in Jerusalem with the song Take Me to Your Heaven.
2001 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the disabled golfer Casey Martin can use a cart to ride in tournaments.
2004 – The National World War II Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
2008 – A doublet earthquake, of combined magnitude 6.1, strikes Iceland near the town of Selfoss, injuring 30 people.
2012 – A 5.8-magnitude earthquake hits northern Italy near Bologna, killing at least 24 people.
2014 – Ignatius Aphrem II is enthroned as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
1954 – First of the annual Bilderberg conferences.
1964 – The Arab League meets in East Jerusalem to discuss the Palestinian question, leading to the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
1969 – General strike in Córdoba, Argentina, leading to the Cordobazo civil unrest.
1973 – Tom Bradley is elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles, California.
1980 – In a season with plenty of new talent, Larry Bird beats out Magic Johnson for NBA rookie of year.
1982 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit Canterbury Cathedral.
1982 – Falklands War: British forces defeat the Argentines at the Battle of Goose Green.
1985 – Heysel Stadium disaster: Thirty-nine association football fans die and hundreds are injured when a dilapidated retaining wall collapses.
1985 – Amputee Steve Fonyo completes cross-Canada marathon at Victoria, British Columbia, after 14 months.
1988 – The U.S. President Ronald Reagan begins his first visit to the Soviet Union when he arrives in Moscow for a superpower summit with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
1989 – Signing of an agreement between Egypt and the United States, allowing the manufacture of parts of the F-16 jet fighter plane in Egypt.
1990 – The Russian parliament elects Boris Yeltsin as president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
1993 – The Miss Sarajevo beauty pageant is held in war torn Sarajevo drawing global attention to the plight of its citizens.
1999 – Olusegun Obasanjo takes office as President of Nigeria, the first elected and civilian head of state in Nigeria after 16 years of military rule.
1999 – Space Shuttle Discovery completes the first docking with the International Space Station.
1999 – Charlotte Perrelli representing Sweden wins the last Eurovision Song Contest of the millenium in Jerusalem with the song Take Me to Your Heaven.
2001 – The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the disabled golfer Casey Martin can use a cart to ride in tournaments.
2004 – The National World War II Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D.C.
2008 – A doublet earthquake, of combined magnitude 6.1, strikes Iceland near the town of Selfoss, injuring 30 people.
2012 – A 5.8-magnitude earthquake hits northern Italy near Bologna, killing at least 24 people.
2014 – Ignatius Aphrem II is enthroned as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyr Cyril of Caesarea in Cappadocia (251)
Child-martyr Carellus, with martyrs Primolus, Phinodus, Venustus, Gissinus,
Alexander, Tredentius, and Jocunda, at Caesarea in Cappadocia (253-259)
Hieromartyr Olbian, Bishop of Anaea, and his disciples, in Asia Minor (284-303)
Virgin-martyr Theodosia of Tyre (308)
Martyrs Andrew (Andras) and his spouse
Saint Alexander I of Alexandria, 19th Patriarch of Alexandria (326)
Venerable Jeremiah of Damascus
Venerable Virgin-martyr Theodosia of Constantinople (730)
Child-martyr Carellus, with martyrs Primolus, Phinodus, Venustus, Gissinus,
Alexander, Tredentius, and Jocunda, at Caesarea in Cappadocia (253-259)
Hieromartyr Olbian, Bishop of Anaea, and his disciples, in Asia Minor (284-303)
Virgin-martyr Theodosia of Tyre (308)
Martyrs Andrew (Andras) and his spouse
Saint Alexander I of Alexandria, 19th Patriarch of Alexandria (326)
Venerable Jeremiah of Damascus
Venerable Virgin-martyr Theodosia of Constantinople (730)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyr Restitutus, at Rome, on the Via Aurelia (299)
Saint Maximinus of Trier, Bishop of Trier in Germany (352)
Martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, near Trent, in the time of Emperor
Honorius (397)
Saint Maximus of Verona, Bishop of Verona in Italy (6th c.)
Venerable Votus, Felix and John, hermits in the Pyrenees (750)
Saint John de Atares (750)
Saint Ethelbert the King (Æthelberht II of East Anglia) (794)
Saint Gerald, a monk at Brou, became Bishop of Mâcon, returned to his monastery
40 years later and reposed there (927)
Saint Ulric of Einsiedeln (978)
Saint Eleutherius of Rocca d'Arce, Confessor, at Arcano in Lazio
Saint Maximinus of Trier, Bishop of Trier in Germany (352)
Martyrs Sisinius, Martyrius, and Alexander, near Trent, in the time of Emperor
Honorius (397)
Saint Maximus of Verona, Bishop of Verona in Italy (6th c.)
Venerable Votus, Felix and John, hermits in the Pyrenees (750)
Saint John de Atares (750)
Saint Ethelbert the King (Æthelberht II of East Anglia) (794)
Saint Gerald, a monk at Brou, became Bishop of Mâcon, returned to his monastery
40 years later and reposed there (927)
Saint Ulric of Einsiedeln (978)
Saint Eleutherius of Rocca d'Arce, Confessor, at Arcano in Lazio
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Righteous John and Mary of Ustiug (Vologda) (13th c.)
Venerable Helena Dragaš (Hypomone, Ipomoni of Loutraki) (1450)
Blessed Constantine XI Palaiologos, last Byzantine emperor, martyred
by the Ottoman Turks (1453)
New Martyr Andrew of Argentes, in Chios (1465)
Blessed John of Ustiug, Fool-for-Christ (1494)
New Martyr John (or Nannus) of Smyrna (1802)
New Hieromartyr Euthymios (Agritellis) of Zela, in Pontus, Bishop (1921)
New Hiero-confessor Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky), Archbishop of Simferopol
and Crimea and Surgeon, Unmercenary Wonderworker (1961)
Venerable Helena Dragaš (Hypomone, Ipomoni of Loutraki) (1450)
Blessed Constantine XI Palaiologos, last Byzantine emperor, martyred
by the Ottoman Turks (1453)
New Martyr Andrew of Argentes, in Chios (1465)
Blessed John of Ustiug, Fool-for-Christ (1494)
New Martyr John (or Nannus) of Smyrna (1802)
New Hieromartyr Euthymios (Agritellis) of Zela, in Pontus, Bishop (1921)
New Hiero-confessor Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky), Archbishop of Simferopol
and Crimea and Surgeon, Unmercenary Wonderworker (1961)
New Martyrs and Confessors
Hieromartyr John Preobrazhensky (1938)
Deacon Martyr Andrew Trofimov (1938)
Deacon Martyr Andrew Trofimov (1938)
Other commemorations
Repose of Schemamonk Michael of Valaam (1854)
Repose of Nun Dorothea of Sukhotin Monastery (1885)
Uncovering of the relics (2000) of St. Job (Joshua in schema), Schemamonk
of Anzersk Island, at Solovki (1720)
Repose of Nun Dorothea of Sukhotin Monastery (1885)
Uncovering of the relics (2000) of St. Job (Joshua in schema), Schemamonk
of Anzersk Island, at Solovki (1720)
Icons
Icon of the Mother of God "Non-Slumbering Eye" (“Unsleeping Eye”)
Icon of the Mother of God "Imperial" (“Tsesarskaya-Borovskaya”)
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