330 – Roman Emperor Constantine the Great dedicated the newly-rebuilt city of Byzantium, renaming it Nova Roma and making it his imperial residence; but it is more popularly referred to as Constantinople. The city would remain the capital of the eastern Roman Empire for nearly a millennium.
868 – A copy of the Diamond Sutra is printed in China, making it the oldest known dated printed book.
912 – Alexander becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
973 – Edgar the Peaceful and his wife Ælfthryth were crowned King and Queen of England, the first coronation ceremony for an English monarch.
1310 – In France, fifty-four members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake as heretics.
1502 – Christopher Columbus departs Cádiz on his fourth and final voyage to the Americas.
1647 – Peter Stuyvesant arrives in New Amsterdam to replace Willem Kieft as Director-General of New Netherland, the Dutch colonial settlement in present-day New York City.
1672 – Franco-Dutch War: Louis XIV of France invades the Netherlands.
1745 – War of the Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy – French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army.
1792 – Captain Robert Gray becomes the first documented white person to sail into the Columbia River.
1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons, London.
1813 – In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory Blaxland and William Wentworth lead an expedition to cross the Blue Mountains west of Sydney. Their route opens up inland Australia for continued expansion throughout the 19th century.
1816: The American Bible Society was founded in New York City.
1820 – HMS Beagle, the ship that will take Charles Darwin on his scientific voyage, is launched.
1833 – The Aberdeen-built brig Lady of the Lake struck an iceberg and sank off the coast of Newfoundland with the loss of up to 265 passengers and crew.
1846 – President James K. Polk asked for and received a Declaration of War against Mexico, starting the Mexican–American War.
1857 – Indian Rebellion of 1857: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.
1858 – Minnesota is admitted as the 32nd U.S. State.
1862 – American Civil War: The ironclad CSS Virginia is scuttled in the James River northwest of Norfolk, Virginia.
1867 – Luxembourg gains its independence.
1880 – Seven people are killed in the Mussel Slough Tragedy, a gun battle in California.
1889 – An attack upon a U.S. Army paymaster and escort results in the theft of over $28,000 and the award of two Medals of Honor.
1891 – The Ōtsu incident: Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich of Imperial Russia (later Nicholas II) suffers a critical head injury during a sword attack by Japanese policeman Tsuda Sanzō. He is rescued by Prince George of Greece and Denmark.
1894 – Pullman Strike: Four thousand Pullman Palace Car Company workers go on a wildcat strike in Illinois.
1907 – Thirty-two Shriners are killed when their chartered train derails at a switch near Surf Depot in Lompoc, California.
1910 – An act of the U.S. Congress establishes Glacier National Park in Montana.
1918 – The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus is officially established.
1927 – The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is founded.
1942 – William Faulkner's collections of short stories, Go Down, Moses, is published.
1943 – World War II: American troops invade Attu Island in the Aleutian Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces.
1944 – World War II: The Allies begin a major offensive against the Axis Powers on the Gustav Line.
1945 – World War II: Off the coast of Okinawa, the aircraft carrier USS Bunker Hill is hit by two kamikazes, killing 346 of its crew. Although badly damaged, the ship is able to return to the U.S. under its own power.
1946 – The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) is created.
1949 – Siam officially changes its name to Thailand for the second time. The name had been in use since 1939 but was reverted in 1945.
1949 – Israel joins the United Nations.
1953 – The 1953 Waco tornado outbreak: an F5 tornado hits downtown Waco, Texas, killing 114.
1960 – In Buenos Aires, Argentina, four Israeli Mossad agents capture fugitive Nazi Adolf Eichmann who is living under the alias of Ricardo Klement.
1963 – Racist bombings in Birmingham, Alabama disrupt nonviolence in the Birmingham campaign and precipitate a crisis involving federal troops.
1967 – The U.S. hits 100,000,000 total phones connected.
1968 – The Toronto Transit Commission opens the largest expansion of its Bloor–Danforth line, going to Scarborough in the East, and Etobicoke in the West.
1970 – The Lubbock Tornado, a F5 tornado, hits Lubbock, Texas, killing 26 and causing $250 million in damage.
1972 – United States performs nuclear test at Nevada Test Site, which was part of the series Operation Grommet and Operation Toggle.
1973 – Citing government misconduct, Judge William M. Byrne dismisses all charges in the espionage trial of Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony Russo for their involvement in releasing the Pentagon Papers to The New York Times.
1984 – Eight people perish in a fire at Six Flags Great Adventure's Haunted Castle.
1985 – Bradford City stadium fire: Fifty-six spectators die and more than 200 are injured in a flash fire at Valley Parade football ground during a match against Lincoln City in Bradford, England.
1987 – Klaus Barbie goes on trial in Lyon for war crimes committed during World War II.
1987 – In Baltimore, Maryland, the first heart–lung transplant takes place. The surgery is performed by Dr. Bruce Reitz of the Stanford University School of Medicine.
1995 – More than 170 countries extend the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty indefinitely and without conditions.
1996 – After the aircraft's departure from Miami, Florida, a fire started by improperly handled chemical oxygen generators in the cargo hold of Atlanta-bound ValuJet Flight 592 causes the Douglas DC-9 to crash in the Florida Everglades killing all 110 on board.
1996 – The 1996 Mount Everest disaster: on a single day eight people die during summit attempts on Mount Everest.
1997 – Deep Blue, a chess-playing supercomputer, defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, becoming the first computer to beat a world-champion chess player in a classic match format.
1998 – India conducts three underground atomic tests in Pokhran to include a thermonuclear device.
2000 – Second Chechen War: Chechen separatists ambush Russian paramilitary forces in the Republic of Ingushetia.
2010 – David Cameron becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom following talks between the Conservatives and Liberal Democrats to form the UK's first coalition government since World War II after elections produced a hung parliament.
2013 – At least 46 people are killed in a bombing in Reyhanlı, Turkey.
2014 – 15 people are killed and 46 injured in Kinshasa in a stampede caused by tear gas being thrown into the stand by police officers attempting to defuse a hostile incident.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Pius V, Pope of Rome, Confessor. Double.
John Rochester and James Walworth and their Companions, Martyrs. Double.
Contemporary Western
Anthimus of Rome
Anthony de Sant'Ana Galvão
Estelle of Saintes
Francis of Girolama
Gangulphus of Burgundy
Majolus of Cluny
Mamertus, the first of the Ice Saints
Odilo of Cluny
Anthony de Sant'Ana Galvão
Estelle of Saintes
Francis of Girolama
Gangulphus of Burgundy
Majolus of Cluny
Mamertus, the first of the Ice Saints
Odilo of Cluny
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Cyril and Methodius (commemoration, Anglican Communion)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyr Evellius, under Nero (66)
Martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius (284-305)
Hieromartyr Mocius (Mucius), presbyter of Amphipolis in Macedonia,
beheaded in Byzantium (288)
Martyr Armodius
Martyr Acacius of Lower Moesia
Saints Cyril and Methodius, Equal-to-the-Apostles and Enlighteners
of the Slavs (869, 885)
Saints Clement of Ohrid, Sabbas, Angelarius, Gorazd, and Naum of Preslav
— Disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius and missionaries of the Slavs,
Wonderworkers and Equal-to-the-Apostles (9th c.)
Saint Rostislav the Prince of Great Moravia, Confessor of the Faith (870)
Martyrs Maximus, Bassus, and Fabius (284-305)
Hieromartyr Mocius (Mucius), presbyter of Amphipolis in Macedonia,
beheaded in Byzantium (288)
Martyr Armodius
Martyr Acacius of Lower Moesia
Saints Cyril and Methodius, Equal-to-the-Apostles and Enlighteners
of the Slavs (869, 885)
Saints Clement of Ohrid, Sabbas, Angelarius, Gorazd, and Naum of Preslav
— Disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius and missionaries of the Slavs,
Wonderworkers and Equal-to-the-Apostles (9th c.)
Saint Rostislav the Prince of Great Moravia, Confessor of the Faith (870)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Hieromartyr Anthimus of Rome, and martyrs Sisinius the deacon with Diocletius
and Florentius (disciples of St. Anthimus), (284-305)
Saint Principia of Rome, a holy virgin in Rome and disciple of St Marcella (420)
Saint Mammertus, Archbishop of Vienne (475)
Saint Possessor of Verdun, Bishop of Verdun, he and his flock were greatly troubled
by the barbarian invasions of Franks, Vandals and Goths (c. 486)
Saint Tudy (Tudinus, Tegwin, Thetgo), a disciple of St Brioc in Brittany (5th c.)
Saint Credan of Cornwall, hogherd
Saint Gangulphus (760)
Saint Fremund of Dunstable, Anglo-Saxon hermit, killed by his kinsman Oswy
with the help of Danish invaders who had also murdered King Edmund (866)
Saint Odo of Cluny, the second Abbot of Cluny (942)
Saint Mayeul (Majolus, Maieul), Abbot of Cluny (994)
Saint Odilo of Cluny (1049)
and Florentius (disciples of St. Anthimus), (284-305)
Saint Principia of Rome, a holy virgin in Rome and disciple of St Marcella (420)
Saint Mammertus, Archbishop of Vienne (475)
Saint Possessor of Verdun, Bishop of Verdun, he and his flock were greatly troubled
by the barbarian invasions of Franks, Vandals and Goths (c. 486)
Saint Tudy (Tudinus, Tegwin, Thetgo), a disciple of St Brioc in Brittany (5th c.)
Saint Credan of Cornwall, hogherd
Saint Gangulphus (760)
Saint Fremund of Dunstable, Anglo-Saxon hermit, killed by his kinsman Oswy
with the help of Danish invaders who had also murdered King Edmund (866)
Saint Odo of Cluny, the second Abbot of Cluny (942)
Saint Mayeul (Majolus, Maieul), Abbot of Cluny (994)
Saint Odilo of Cluny (1049)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Martyrs Olympia, abbess of Mytilene, and nun Euphrosyne (1235)
Saint Sophronius of the Kiev Caves, recluse (13th c.)
Saint Nicodemus of Pec, Archbishop of Serbia (1324)
Hieromartyr Joseph, first Metropolitan of Astrakhan (1672)
New Martyrs Dioscorus (Dioscorides) and Argyrus (Argyrus, Argyres)
of Thessalonica (1806/1808)
Blessed Christopher of Georgia (Christesias), monk at the Monastery
of St. John the Baptist, at the David Gareja monastery complex,
"The Thebaid of Georgia" (1771/1871)
Saint Theophylact, bishop of Stavropol and Ekaterinodar (1872)
Saint Sophronius of the Kiev Caves, recluse (13th c.)
Saint Nicodemus of Pec, Archbishop of Serbia (1324)
Hieromartyr Joseph, first Metropolitan of Astrakhan (1672)
New Martyrs Dioscorus (Dioscorides) and Argyrus (Argyrus, Argyres)
of Thessalonica (1806/1808)
Blessed Christopher of Georgia (Christesias), monk at the Monastery
of St. John the Baptist, at the David Gareja monastery complex,
"The Thebaid of Georgia" (1771/1871)
Saint Theophylact, bishop of Stavropol and Ekaterinodar (1872)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Michael Belorossov, priest (1920)
New Hieromartyr Alexander (Petrovsky), Archbishop of Kharkov (1940)
New Hieromartyr Alexander (Petrovsky), Archbishop of Kharkov (1940)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Founding of Constantinople (Nova Roma) as Capital
of the Roman Empire (330)
Consecration of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev
of the Roman Empire (330)
Consecration of the Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev
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