311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
313 – Battle of Tzirallum: Emperor Licinius defeats Maximinus II and unifies the Eastern Roman Empire.
642 – Chindasuinth is proclaimed king by the Visigothic nobility and bishops.
1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged on the public gallows at Montfaucon.
1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus his commission of exploration.
1513 – Edmund de la Pole, Yorkist pretender to the English throne, is executed on the orders of Henry VIII.
1517 – Evil May Day xenophobic riots in London begin
1557 – Mapuche leader Lautaro is killed by Spanish forces at the Battle of Mataquito in Chile.
1598 – Juan de Oñate makes a formal declaration of his Conquest of New Mexico.
1636 – Eighty Years' War: Dutch Republic forces recapture a strategically important fort from Spain after a nine-month siege.
1671 – Petar Zrinski, the Croatian Ban from the Zrinski family, is executed.
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| 1798 - View up Wall Street with City Hall (Federal Hall) and Trinity Church from whatwasthere.com |
1798 – The Department of the Navy forms.
1803 – Louisiana Purchase: The United States purchases the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, more than doubling the size of the young nation.
1812: The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U.S. state under the name Louisiana.
1838 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Central American Federation.
1863 – A 65-man French Foreign Legion infantry patrol fights a force of nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers to nearly the last man in Hacienda Camarón, Mexico.
1871 – The Camp Grant massacre takes place in Arizona Territory.
1885 – Governor of New York David B. Hill signs legislation creating the Niagara Reservation, New York's first state park, ensuring that Niagara Falls will not be devoted solely to industrial and commercial use.
1894 – Coxey's Army reaches Washington, D.C. to protest the unemployment caused by the Panic of 1893.
1900 – Hawaii became a territory of the United States, with Sanford B. Dole as governor.
1900 – Casey Jones dies in a train wreck in Vaughan, Mississippi, while trying to make up time on the Cannonball Express.
1904 – The Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair opened in St. Louis, Missouri.
1907 – Honolulu, Hawaii becomes an independent city.
1920 – Peru becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1925 – Automaker Dodge Brothers, Inc is sold to Dillon, Read & Co. for US$146 million plus $50 million for charity.
1927 – The Federal Industrial Institute for Women opens in Alderson, West Virginia, as the first women's federal prison in the United States.
1927 – Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford become the first celebrities to leave their footprints in concrete at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Hollywood.
1937 – The Commonwealth of the Philippines holds a plebiscite for Filipino women on whether they should be extended the right to suffrage; over 90% would vote in the affirmative.
1938 – The animated cartoon short Porky's Hare Hunt debuts in movie theaters, introducing Happy Rabbit (a prototype of Bugs Bunny).
1939 – The 1939-40 New York World's Fair opens.
1939 – NBC inaugurates its regularly scheduled television service in New York City, broadcasting President Franklin D. Roosevelt's N.Y. World's Fair opening day ceremonial address.
1942 – USS Indiana (BB 58) is commissioned. Indiana supports campaigns in the Solomon and Gilbert Islands, and in January 1944, bombards Kwajalein atoll in the Marshall Islands for eight days prior to the invasion of that island.
1943 – World War II: Operation Mincemeat: The submarine HMS Seraph surfaces in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Spain to deposit a dead man planted with false invasion plans and dressed as a British military intelligence officer.
1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide after being married for one day. Soviet soldiers raise the Victory Banner over the Reichstag building.
1947 – In Nevada, the Boulder Dam is renamed the Hoover Dam a second time.
1948 – In Bogotá, Colombia, the Organization of American States is established.
1953 – In Warner Robins, Georgia, an F4 tornado kills 18 people.
1956 – Former Vice President and Senator Alben Barkley dies during a speech in Virginia. He collapses after proclaiming "I would rather be a servant in the house of the lord than sit in the seats of the mighty."
1957 – Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery entered into force.
1961 – K-19, the first Soviet nuclear submarine equipped with nuclear missiles, is commissioned.
1963 – The Bristol Bus Boycott is held in Bristol to protest the Bristol Omnibus Company's refusal to employ Black or Asian bus crews, drawing national attention to racial discrimination in the United Kingdom.
1966 – The Church of Satan is established at the Black House in San Francisco.
1967 – The Aldene Connection opened in Roselle Park, NJ, shutting down the CNJ's Jersey City waterfront terminal and transferring commuters to Newark Penn Station.
1973 – Watergate scandal: U.S. President Richard Nixon announces that top White House aides H. R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman and others have resigned.
1975 – Fall of Saigon: Communist forces gain control of Saigon. The Vietnam War formally ends with the unconditional surrender of South Vietnamese president Duong Van Minh.
1980 – Beatrix of the Netherlands becomes Queen of the Netherlands.
1980 – The Iranian Embassy siege begins in London.
1982 – The Bijon Setu massacre occurs in Calcutta.
1993 – CERN announces World Wide Web protocols will be free.
1993 – Monica Seles is stabbed by Günter Parche, an obsessed fan, during a quarterfinal match of the 1993 Citizen Cup in Hamburg, Germany
1994 – Formula One racing driver Roland Ratzenberger is killed in a crash during the qualifying session of the San Marino Grand Prix run at Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari outside Imola, Italy.
1995 – U.S. President Bill Clinton becomes the first President to visit Northern Ireland.
2000 – Canonization of Faustina Kowalska in the presence of 200,000 people and the first Divine Mercy Sunday celebrated worldwide.
2004 – U.S. media release graphic photos of American soldiers abusing and sexually humiliating Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison.
2008 – Two skeletal remains found near Yekaterinburg, Russia, are confirmed by Russian scientists to be the remains of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia and Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna, one of his sisters.
2009 – Chrysler files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
2009 – Seven people are killed and another ten injured at a Queen's Day parade in Apeldoorn, Netherlands in an attempted assassination on Queen Beatrix.
2009 – Azerbaijan State Oil Academy shooting: Twelve people were killed (students and staff members) by an armed attacker.
2012 – An overloaded ferry capsizes on the Brahmaputra River in India killing at least 103 people.
2013 – Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands abdicates and Willem-Alexander becomes King of the Netherlands.
2014 – A bomb blast in Ürümqi kills three people and injures 79 others.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Octave of St. George, Martyr. Double.
Contemporary Western
Adjutor
Aimo
Amator, Peter and Louis
Blessed Miles Gerard
Eutropius of Saintes
Marie of the Incarnation (Ursuline)
Maximus of Rome
Pomponius of Naples
Pope Saint Pius V
Quirinus of Neuss
Suitbert the Younger
Aimo
Amator, Peter and Louis
Blessed Miles Gerard
Eutropius of Saintes
Marie of the Incarnation (Ursuline)
Maximus of Rome
Pomponius of Naples
Pope Saint Pius V
Quirinus of Neuss
Suitbert the Younger
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Marie Guyart (Anglican Church of Canada)
Sarah Josepha Hale (Episcopal Church)
Sarah Josepha Hale (Episcopal Church)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Holy Apostle James (44), the brother of St. John the Theologian
Hieromartyr Maximus, at Ephesus, during the persecution of Decius
Hieromartyr Aphrodisius, and 30 martyrs, at Alexandria
Saint Donatus, Bishop of Euroea in Epirus (387)
Saint Clement the Hymnographer, abbot of the Studion (9th c.)
Hieromartyr Maximus, at Ephesus, during the persecution of Decius
Hieromartyr Aphrodisius, and 30 martyrs, at Alexandria
Saint Donatus, Bishop of Euroea in Epirus (387)
Saint Clement the Hymnographer, abbot of the Studion (9th c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyr Sophia of Fermo (c. 250)
Martyrs Marianus, James and Companions, at Lambaesis,
an ancient town in Numidia in North Africa (259)
Martyrs Eutropius and Estelle, of Saintes (Gaul) (3rd c.)
Saint Quintian and Saint Atticus
Hieromartyr Laurence, at Novara, and some boys whom he was teaching (397)
Saint Pomponius of Naples, Bishop of Naples in Italy (508-536)
and a strong opponent of Arianism (536)
Saint Desideratus of Gourdon, hermit (c. 569)
Saint Cynwl of Wales, Hermit, brother of Saint Deiniol
and first Bishop of Bangor (6th c.)
Saint Erconwald, bishop of London (693)[8][12][13][note 9]
Saint Swithbert the Younger, Bishop of Werden in Westphalia (807)
Martyrs Amator, Peter and Louis (Ludovicus) of Cordoba, Spain,
by the Emirate for blaspheming Islam (855)
Martyrs Isidore, Elias and Paul of Cordoba, Spain, by the Moors (856)
Saint Forannan, Abbot of Waulsort Abbey in Belgium (982)
Martyrs Marianus, James and Companions, at Lambaesis,
an ancient town in Numidia in North Africa (259)
Martyrs Eutropius and Estelle, of Saintes (Gaul) (3rd c.)
Saint Quintian and Saint Atticus
Hieromartyr Laurence, at Novara, and some boys whom he was teaching (397)
Saint Pomponius of Naples, Bishop of Naples in Italy (508-536)
and a strong opponent of Arianism (536)
Saint Desideratus of Gourdon, hermit (c. 569)
Saint Cynwl of Wales, Hermit, brother of Saint Deiniol
and first Bishop of Bangor (6th c.)
Saint Erconwald, bishop of London (693)[8][12][13][note 9]
Saint Swithbert the Younger, Bishop of Werden in Westphalia (807)
Martyrs Amator, Peter and Louis (Ludovicus) of Cordoba, Spain,
by the Emirate for blaspheming Islam (855)
Martyrs Isidore, Elias and Paul of Cordoba, Spain, by the Moors (856)
Saint Forannan, Abbot of Waulsort Abbey in Belgium (982)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Simon, Metropolitan of Moscow (1511)
Schema-abbess Martha Protasieva, disciple of Saint Paisius Velichkovsky (1813)
Saint Ignatius Brianchaninov, bishop of the Caucasus and Stavropol (1867)
Schema-abbess Martha Protasieva, disciple of Saint Paisius Velichkovsky (1813)
Saint Ignatius Brianchaninov, bishop of the Caucasus and Stavropol (1867)
Other commemorations
Uncovering of the relics of Saint Basil of Amasea, bishop (322)
Uncovering of the relics (1558) of Saint Nicetas of Novgorod, bishop (1108)
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Of the Passion" (1641)
Uncovering of the relics (1725) of New martyr Argyra of Prussa (1721)
Translation of the relics of Saint Sabbas of Zvenigorod Monastery (1998)
Uncovering of the relics (1558) of Saint Nicetas of Novgorod, bishop (1108)
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Of the Passion" (1641)
Uncovering of the relics (1725) of New martyr Argyra of Prussa (1721)
Translation of the relics of Saint Sabbas of Zvenigorod Monastery (1998)
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