Tuesday, April 23, 2013

April 29 in history


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APR 28      INDEX      APR 30
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711 – Islamic conquest of Hispania: Moorish troops led by Tariq ibn-Ziyad land at Gibraltar to begin their invasion of the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus).

1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.

1386 – Battle of the Vikhra River: The Principality of Smolensk is defeated by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and becomes its vassal.

1429 – Joan of Arc reinforces beleaguered French soldiers and citizens the Siege of Orleans, soon to be her first major victory.

1483 – Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile.

1521 – Swedish War of Liberation: Swedish troops under Gustav Vasa defeat a Danish force under Didrik Slagheck in the Battle of Västerås and soon capture the city of Västerås. The Danish-held castle, however, does not surrender to the Swedes until 31 January the following year, after a nine-month siege.

1587 - A raid on the Bay of Cadiz led by Francis Drake sinks 23 ships of the Spanish fleet.

1770 – James Cook arrives at and names Botany Bay, Australia.

1781 – American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.

1813 – The first US Rubber patent is granted to Jacob F. Hummel.

1832 – Évariste Galois is released from prison.

1861 – American Civil War: Maryland's House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.

1862 – American Civil War: New Orleans, Louisiana falls to Union forces under Admiral David Farragut.

1864 – Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.

1882 – The "Elektromote", forerunner of the trolleybus, is tested by Ernst Werner von Siemens in Berlin.

1903 – A 30 million cubic-metre landslide kills 70 in Frank, North-West Territories, Canada.

1910 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the People's Budget, the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth among the British public.

1916 – World War I: The British 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.

1916 – Easter Rising: Martial law in Ireland is lifted and the rebellion is officially over with the surrender of Irish nationalists to British authorities in Dublin.

1944 – World War II: British agent Nancy Wake, a leading figure in the French Resistance and the Gestapo's most wanted person, parachutes back into France to become a liaison between London and the local maquis group.

1945 – World War II: The German army in Italy unconditionally surrenders to the Allies.

1945 – World War II: Start of Operation Manna.

1945 – World War II: The Captain-class frigate HMS Goodall (K479) is torpedoed by U-286 outside the Kola Inlet becoming the last ship of the Royal Navy sunk in the European theatre of World War II.

1945 – World War II – Fuehrerbunker: Adolf Hitler marries his longtime partner Eva Braun in a Berlin bunker and designates Admiral Karl Dönitz as his successor. Both Hitler and Braun commit suicide the following day.

1945 – The Dachau concentration camp is liberated by United States troops.

1945 – The Italian commune of Fornovo di Taro is liberated from German forces by Brazilian forces.

1946 – The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convenes and indicts former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and 28 former Japanese leaders for war crimes.

1946 – Father Divine, a controversial religious leader who claims to be God, marries the much-younger Edna Rose Ritchings, a celebrated anniversary in the International Peace Mission movement.

1951 – Tibetan delegates to the Central People's Government arrive in Beijing and draft a Seventeen Point Agreement for Chinese sovereignty and Tibetan autonomy.

1953 – The first U.S. experimental 3D television broadcast showed an episode of Space Patrol on Los Angeles ABC affiliate KECA-TV.

1965 – Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) successfully launches its seventh rocket in its Rehber series.

1967 – After refusing induction into the United States Army the day before (citing religious reasons), Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.

1968 – The controversial musical Hair, a product of the hippie counter-culture and sexual revolution of the 1960s, opens at the Biltmore Theatre on Broadway, with its song becoming anthems of the anti-Vietnam War movement.

1970 – Vietnam War: United States and South Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia to hunt Viet Cong.

1974 – Watergate Scandal: President Richard Nixon announces the release of edited transcripts of White House tape recordings relating to the scandal.

1975 – Vietnam War: Operation Frequent Wind: The U.S. begins to evacuate U.S. citizens from Saigon prior to an expected North Vietnamese takeover. U.S. involvement in the war comes to an end.

1975 – Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese Army completes its capture of all parts of South Vietnamese-held Trường Sa Islands.

1986 – A fire at the Central library of the City of Los Angeles Public Library damages or destroys 400,000 books and other items.

1986 – The Chernobyl Disaster: American and European Spy Satellites capture the ruins of the 4th Reactor at the Chernobyl Power Plant.

1991 – A cyclone strikes the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 155 miles per hour (249 km/h), killing at least 138,000 people and leaving as many as 10 million homeless.

1991 – The 7.0 Mw Racha earthquake affects Georgia with a maximum MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), killing 270 people.

1992 – Los Angeles riots: Riots erupt in Los Angeles, California, after a jury in Simi Valley, California, acquitts four Los Angeles police officers of almost all state charges in the videotaped beating of Rodney King. Over the next three days 53 people are killed and hundreds of buildings are destroyed.

1994 – Commodore International declares bankruptcy.

1996 – Broadway musical "Rent" opens at Nederlander Theater in New York City.

1997 – The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 enters into force, outlawing the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons by its signatories.

1999 – The Avala TV Tower near Belgrade is destroyed in the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.

2004 – Dick Cheney and George W. Bush testify before the 9/11 Commission in a closed, unrecorded hearing in the Oval Office.

2004 – Oldsmobile builds its final car as the brand was phased out by General Motors, ending 107 years of production.

2004 – The National World War II Memorial opens in Washington D.C. 

2005 – Syria completes withdrawal from Lebanon, ending 29 years of occupation.

2011 – The Wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Kate Middleton takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.

2013 – A powerful explosion occurs in an office building in Prague, Czechia, believed to have been caused by natural gas, injures 43 people.

2015 – A baseball game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago White Sox sets the all-time low attendance mark for Major League Baseball. Zero fans were in attendance for the game, as the stadium was officially closed to the public due to the 2015 Baltimore protests.



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Traditional Western

Peter, Martyr      Double.
Commemoration of the Octave of St. George.


Contemporary Western

Catherine of Siena
Endelienta
Hugh of Cluny
Robert of Molesme
Torpes of Pisa


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran



Eastern Orthodox


Saints

Apostles Jason and Sosipater of the Seventy,[1] and their companions, at Corfu:
      Martyrs Saturninus, Jakischolus (Inischolus), Faustianus, Januarius,
      Marsalius, Euphrasius, Mammius - the holy seven former thieves;
      Virgin Martyr Cercyra; Martyr Zenon, by fire; Martyr Neon, by fire;
      Martyrs Vitalius and his wife Valeria (62); Christodolus the Ethiopian
Martyrs Diodorus and Rhodoplanus, deacons at Aphrodisia in Anatolia (285-305)
Saint Atticus and Cyntianus (Cyntion), martyrs
St. John Tolaius, patriarch of Alexandria (482)
Saint Nicetas, abbot of Synnada (9th c.)
Saint Nicephorus of Sebaze (9th c.)

Pre-Schism Western Saints

Martyr Torpes (Tropez), under Nero (65)
Hieromartyrs Apapius and Secundinus, Bishops in Numidia (259)
Saint Severus of Naples, wonderworker (409)
Saint Dictinus, the first convert of St. Patrick in Ulster in Ireland (5th c.)
Saint Paulinus of Brescia, Bishop and confessor (c. 545)
Saint Secundellus the Deacon, in Gaul (6th c.)
Saint Endelienta, nun and recluse of Cornwall (6th c.)
Saint Senan of North Wales, hermit (7th c.)
Saint Fiachan of Lismore (Fiachina, Fianchne, Fianchine), a monk
      at Lismore and a disciple of St Carthage the Younger (7th c.)
Saint Wilfrid II, Bishop of York (744)
Saint Ava of Dinant, a niece of King Pepin, and Abbess of a convent
      at Denain in Hainault (c. 845)
Martyr Daniel of Gerona, born in Asia Minor, became a hermit,
      was martyred in Spain (9th c.)

Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

Metropolitan John of Thebes (John of Kaloktenos, John the New),
      Metropolitan of Thebes, the Merciful One (12th c.)
St. Arsenius, archbishop of Suzdal (1627)
Saint Basil of Ostrog, Wonderworker of Ostrog, myrhh-streamer,
      Metropolitan of Zahumlje (1671)
Holy Martyrs of Lazeti (Georgia) (17th-18th c.)
New Martyr Stanko the Shepherd, of Montenegro (1712)
Saint Nectarius of Optina (1928)
Saint Amphilochius, schema-abbot of Pochaev (1970)



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