1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Today, it's one of Europe's oldest and largest universities.
1453 – The last naval battle in Byzantine history occurs as three Genoese galleys escorting a Byzantine transport fight their way through the huge Ottoman blockade fleet and into the Golden Horn a few weeks before the fall of Constantinople.
1534 – Jacques Cartier begins his first voyage to what is today the east coast of Canada, the island of Newfoundland, and Labrador.
1535 – The Sun dog phenomenon observed over Stockholm and depicted in the famous painting Vädersolstavlan.
1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament.
1657 – Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet under heavy fire at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.
1657 – Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City).
1689: The former British king, James II, now deposed, begins a siege of Derry (Londonderry), a Protestant stronghold in Northern Ireland. History
1752 – Start of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War, a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740–1757).
1770 – The Georgian king, Erekle II, abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben, wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: The Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord.
1777 – The first New York state constitution is formally adopted by the Convention of Representatives of the State of New York, meeting in the upstate town of Kingston. History
1789 – George Washington arrives at Grays Ferry, Philadelphia while en route to Manhattan for his inauguration.
1792 – France declares war against the "King of Hungary and Bohemia", the beginning of French Revolutionary Wars.
1800 – The Septinsular Republic is established.
1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon I of France at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1810 – The Governor of Caracas declares independence from Spain.
1818 – The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
1828 – René Caillié becomes the first non-Muslim to enter Timbouctou.
1836 – U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory.
1841 – Edgar Allan Poe's short story 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue' was published. It's considered the first modern work of detective fiction, inspiring many mystery works to come.
1861 – American Civil War: Colonel Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army two days after he was offered command of the Union army and three days after his native state, Virginia, seceded from the Union. Two days later, Lee was appointed commander of Virginia’s forces with the rank of major general.
1862 – Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment falsifying the theory of spontaneous generation.
1865 – Astronomer Pietro Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion.
1871 – With passage of the Enforcement Act of 1871, also known as the Civil Rights Act of 1871, Third Enforcement Act, or Ku Klux Klan Act, Congress authorized President Ulysses S. Grant to declare martial law, impose heavy penalties against terrorist organizations, and use military force to suppress the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). History
1876 – The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War.
1884 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus.
1898 – President William McKinley asks Congress to declare war on Spain. History
1902 – Marie and Pierre Curie successfully isolated radioactive radium salts from the mineral pitchblende in their laboratory in Paris. In 1898, the Curies discovered the existence of the elements radium and polonium in their research of pitchblende. One year after isolating radium, they would share the 1903 Nobel Prize in physics with French scientist A. Henri Becquerel for their groundbreaking investigations of radioactivity. History
1908 – Opening day of competition in the New South Wales Rugby League.
1912 – Opening day for baseball's Tiger Stadium in Detroit, Michigan, and Fenway Park in Boston.
1914 – Ending a bitter coal-miners' strike, Colorado militiamen attack a tent colony of strikers, killing nineteen men, women, and children in the Ludlow Massacre. History
1916 – The Chicago Cubs play their first game at Weeghman Park (currently Wrigley Field), defeating the Cincinnati Reds 7–6 in 11 innings.
1917 – World War I: Nivelle Offensive: An ambitious Allied offensive against German troops near the Aisne River in central France, spearheaded by the French commander in chief, Robert Nivelle, ends in dismal failure. History
1918 – World War I: Manfred von Richthofen, a.k.a. The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day.
1922 – The Soviet government creates South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Georgian SSR.
1926 – Western Electric, the manufacturing arm of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T), and the Warner Brothers film studio officially introduce Vitaphone, a new process that would enable the addition of sound to film.
1939 – Adolf Hitler's 50th birthday is celebrated as a national holiday in Nazi Germany.
1939 – Billie Holiday records the first civil rights song "Strange Fruit".
1945 – World War II: US troops capture Leipzig, Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union.
1945 – World War II: Allied forces take control of the German cities of Nuremberg and Stuttgart.
1945 – World War II: Allied bombers in Italy began a three-day attack on the bridges over the rivers Adige and Brenta to cut off German lines of retreat on the peninsula.
1945 – World War II: Führerbunker: Adolf Hitler celebrats his 56th birthday, and made his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth.
1945 – World War II: A Gestapo reign of terror results in the hanging of 20 Russian prisoners of war and 20 Jewish children in the basement of the Bullenhuser Damm school. Of these, at least nine were under the age of 12. All of the victims had been taken from Auschwitz to Neuengamme, the place of execution, for the purpose of medical experimentation.
1946 – The League of Nations officially dissolves, giving most of its power to the United Nations.
1951 – Dan Gavriliu performs the first surgical replacement of a human organ.
1961 – Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of US-backed Cuban exiles against Cuba.
1964 – BBC Two launches with a power cut because of the fire at Battersea Power Station.
1968 – English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial Rivers of Blood speech.
1970 – In a televised speech, President Nixon pledges to withdraw 150,000 more U.S. troops over the next year "based entirely on the progress" of the Vietnamization program. History
1971 – The Pentagon releases figures confirming that fragging incidents are on the rise. In 1970, 209 such incidents caused the deaths of 34 men; in 1969, 96 such incidents cost 34 men their lives. Fragging was a slang term used to describe U.S. military personnel tossing of fragmentation hand grenades (hence the term "fragging") usually into sleeping areas to murder fellow soldiers. It was usually directed primarily against unit leaders, officers, and noncommissioned officers. History
1972 – Apollo 16, commanded by John Young, lands on the moon.
1978 – Soviet aircraft force Korean Air Lines Flight 902 to land in the Soviet Union after the jet veers into Russian airspace. Two people were killed and several others injured when the jet made a rough landing on a frozen lake about 300 miles south of Murmansk. History
1979 – President Jimmy Carter is attacked by a swamp rabbit while fishing in his boat in Plains, Georgia.
1980 – The Castro regime announces that all Cubans wishing to emigrate to the U.S. were free to board boats at the port of Mariel west of Havana, launching the Mariel Boatlift. The first of 125,000 Cuban refugees from Mariel reached Florida the next day. History
1980 – Climax of Berber Spring in Algeria as hundreds of Berber political activists are arrested.
1983 – President Reagan signs a $165B bailout package for Social Security.
1984 – The Good Friday Massacre, an extremely violent ice hockey playoff game, is played in Montreal, Canada.
1985 – The ATF raids The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord compound in northern Arkansas.
1986 – Pianist Vladimir Horowitz performs in his native Russia for the first time in 61 years.
1998 – German terrorist group the Red Army Faction announces their dissolution after 28 years.
1999 – Columbine High School massacre: Two teenage gunmen kill 13 people before committing suicide in a shooting spree at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. At about 11:20 a.m., Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, dressed in long trench coats, began shooting students outside the school before moving inside to continue their rampage. By the time SWAT team officers finally entered the school at about 3:00 p.m., Klebold and Harris had killed 12 fellow students and a teacher, and had wounded another 23 people. History
2007 – Johnson Space Center shooting: William Phillips with a handgun barricades himself in NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas before killing a male hostage and himself.
2008 – Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300 becoming the first female driver in history to win an Indy car race.
2010 – An explosion and fire aboard the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico, approximately 50 miles off the Louisiana coast, killed 11 people and triggered the largest offshore oil spill in American history.
2012 – One hundred twenty-seven people are killed when a plane crashes in a residential area near the Benazir Bhutto International Airport near Islamabad, Pakistan.
2013 – A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes Lushan County, Ya'an, in China's Sichuan province, killing more than 150 people and injuring thousands.
2015 – 10 people are killed in a bomb attack on a convoy carrying food supplies to a United Nations compound in Garowe in the Somali region of Puntland.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Agnes of Montepulciano
Blessed Oda of Brabant
Theotimos
Blessed Oda of Brabant
Theotimos
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
John Muir (Episcopal Church)
Hudson Stuck (Episcopal Church)
Hudson Stuck (Episcopal Church)
Johannes Bugenhagen (Lutheran)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Apostle Zacchaeus of the Seventy, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, he who was called
down from the Sycamore tree by Jesus, according to the Gospel of Luke (1st c.)
Martyrs Acindinus, Antoninus, Victor, Zenon, Zoticus, Theonas, Caesareus,
Severian, and Christophoros (284-305)
Venerable Theodore Trichinas ("the Hair-Shirt Wearer"), hermit near
Constantinople (400)
Saint Theotimus, Bishop of Tomis in Moesia (Lesser Scythia) (407)
Blessed Gregory (593)[11] and Anastasius I (599),[11] Patriarchs of Antioch
Hieromartyr Anastasius II, Patriarch of Antioch (609)
Venerable Anastasius Sinaita, Abbot of the Monastery of St. Catherine
at Sinai (ca. 700)
Venerable Ioannis the Palaiolavritis ("of the Old Lavra"), at St. Chariton's
Monastery, in the Judean Desert
down from the Sycamore tree by Jesus, according to the Gospel of Luke (1st c.)
Martyrs Acindinus, Antoninus, Victor, Zenon, Zoticus, Theonas, Caesareus,
Severian, and Christophoros (284-305)
Venerable Theodore Trichinas ("the Hair-Shirt Wearer"), hermit near
Constantinople (400)
Saint Theotimus, Bishop of Tomis in Moesia (Lesser Scythia) (407)
Blessed Gregory (593)[11] and Anastasius I (599),[11] Patriarchs of Antioch
Hieromartyr Anastasius II, Patriarch of Antioch (609)
Venerable Anastasius Sinaita, Abbot of the Monastery of St. Catherine
at Sinai (ca. 700)
Venerable Ioannis the Palaiolavritis ("of the Old Lavra"), at St. Chariton's
Monastery, in the Judean Desert
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Sulpicius and Servilian, martyrs in Rome who were beheaded
under Trajan (ca. 117)
Saints Marcellinus of Embrun, Vincent and Domninus, born in North Africa,
they went to France and preached in the Dauphiné (ca. 374)
Saint Marcian of Auxerre, a monk at the Monastery of Saints Cosmas and
Damian in Auxerre (ca. 470)
Saint Cædwalla of Wessex (Cadwalla), King of the West Saxons (689)
Saint Gundebert (Gumbert), monk-martyr (8th c.)
Saint Harduin, a monk at Fontenelle Abbey in France (749), then a hermit
who copied writings of the Fathers (811)
Saint Hugh of Anzy-le-Duc, a monk at Saint Savin (ca. 930)
under Trajan (ca. 117)
Saints Marcellinus of Embrun, Vincent and Domninus, born in North Africa,
they went to France and preached in the Dauphiné (ca. 374)
Saint Marcian of Auxerre, a monk at the Monastery of Saints Cosmas and
Damian in Auxerre (ca. 470)
Saint Cædwalla of Wessex (Cadwalla), King of the West Saxons (689)
Saint Gundebert (Gumbert), monk-martyr (8th c.)
Saint Harduin, a monk at Fontenelle Abbey in France (749), then a hermit
who copied writings of the Fathers (811)
Saint Hugh of Anzy-le-Duc, a monk at Saint Savin (ca. 930)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Saints Athanasius (1380) and Ioasaph (1422) of Meteora, Abbots
Venerable Alexander of Oshevensk, founder of Oshevensk Monastery
(Arkhangelsk) (1479)
Child-Martyr Gabriel of Zabludov (Gabriel of Slutsk) (1690)
Venerable Alexander of Oshevensk, founder of Oshevensk Monastery
(Arkhangelsk) (1479)
Child-Martyr Gabriel of Zabludov (Gabriel of Slutsk) (1690)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hiero-Confessor Theodosius (Ganitsky), Bishop of Kolomna (1937)
Other commemorations
Translation of the relics (1991) of St. Nikolai (Velimirovich), Bishop of Ochrid
and Zhicha (1956) from America to Serbia
"Cyprus" (392) and "Keepiazh" (Kipyazha) Icons of the Mother of God.
No comments:
Post a Comment