65 – The freedman Milichus betrayed Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators were arrested.
531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at Ar-Raqqah (northern Syria).
797 – Empress Irene organizes a conspiracy against her son, the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI. He is deposed and blinded. Shortly after Constantine dies of his wounds, and Irene proclaims herself basileus.
1012 – Martyrdom of Ælfheah in Greenwich, England.
1529 – Beginning of the Protestant Reformation: After the Second Diet of Speyer bans Lutheranism, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms.
1539 – Charles V and Protestants signs Treaty of Frankfurt.
1608 – In Ireland O'Doherty's Rebellion is launched by the Burning of Derry.
1677 – The French army captures the town of Cambrai held by Spanish troops.
1713 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa of Austria (not actually born until 1717).
1770 – British explorer Captain James Cook and his crew first spotted the coast of what is now Australia following a nearly two-year voyage which included stops at modern-day Tahiti and New Zealand. Cook would go on to make two more Pacific expeditions.
1770 – Marie Antoinette marries Louis XVI in a proxy wedding.
1775 – American Revolutionary War: Battles of Lexington and Concord: At about 5 a.m., 700 British troops, on a mission to capture Patriot leaders and seize a Patriot arsenal, marched into Lexington to find 77 armed minutemen under Captain John Parker waiting for them on the town's common green. British Major John Pitcairn ordered the outnumbered Patriots to disperse, and after a moment's hesitation the Americans began to drift off the green. Suddenly, the "shot heard around the world" was fired from an undetermined gun, and a cloud of musket smoke soon covered the green. When the brief Battle of Lexington ended, eight Americans lay dead or dying and 10 others were wounded. Only one British soldier was injured, but the American Revolution had begun. History
1782 – John Adams secures the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States as an independent government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague, Netherlands becomes the first American embassy.
1809 – An Austrian corps is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition. On the same day the Austrian main army is defeated by a First French Empire Corps led by Louis-Nicolas Davout at the Battle of Teugen-Hausen in Bavaria, part of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.
1810 – Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
1839 – The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
1855 – Visit of Napoleon III to Guildhall, London.
1861 – American Civil War: Baltimore riot of 1861: The first blood of the American Civil War is shed when a pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city bound for Washington, D.C. Four soldiers and 12 rioters were killed. History
1865 – Funeral service for Abraham Lincoln is held in the East Room of the White House.
1876 – A Wichita, Kansas, commission voted not to rehire policeman Wyatt Earp after he beats up a candidate for county sheriff. Born in 1848, Wyatt was one of the five Earp brothers, some of whom became famous for their participation in the shootout at the O.K. Corral in 1881. History
1892 – Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
1897 – Léo Taxil exposes his own fabrications concerning Freemasonry.
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| Finish of Boston Marathon in 1910 |
1902 – The last and most powerful in a series of earthquakes rocks Western Guatemala. More than 2,000 people were killed and 50,000 left homeless by the destruction. History
1903 – The Kishinev pogrom in Kishinev (Bessarabia) begins, forcing tens of thousands of Jews to later seek refuge in Palestine and the Western world.
1919 – Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful voluntary free-fall parachute jump using a new kind of self-contained parachute.
1919 – On the Saturday before Easter, tense and complicated negotiations began at the Paris peace conference over Italy's claims to territory in the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.
1927 – Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
1928 – The 125th and final fascicle of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
1932 – President Herbert Hoover suggests a five-day work week.
1942 – World War II: In Poland, the Majdan-Tatarski ghetto is established, situated between the Lublin Ghetto and a Majdanek subcamp.
1943 – Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann deliberately takes LSD for the first time.
1943 – World War II: In Warsaw, Poland, Nazi forces attempting to clear out the city's Jewish ghetto are met by gunfire from Jewish resistance fighters, and the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins. History
1948 – Burma joins the United Nations.
1949 – At the opening night of the spring edition of the famous Moscow Circus, clowns and magicians fire salvos of jokes aimed at the United States. Although a relatively minor aspect of the total Cold War, the night was evidence that even humor played a role in the battle between the United States and the Soviet Union. History
1950 – Argentina becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
1951 – General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
1954 – The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan recognises Urdu and Bengali as the national languages of Pakistan.
1956 – Actress Grace Kelly marries Prince Rainier of Monaco.
1960 – Students in South Korea begin a nationwide pro-democracy protest against the government of President Syngman Rhee, forcing him to resign a week later.
1971 – Vietnam War: As a prelude to a massive antiwar protest, Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, D.C. The generally peaceful protest, called Dewey Canyon III in honor of the operation of the same name conducted in Laos, ended on April 23 with about 1,000 veterans throwing their combat ribbons, helmets, and uniforms on the Capitol steps, along with toy weapons. Earlier, they had lobbied with their congressmen, laid wreaths in Arlington National Cemetery, and staged mock "search and destroy" missions. History
1971 – Launch of Salyut 1, the first space station.
1971 – Charles Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted life imprisonment) for conspiracy to commit the Tate/LaBianca murders.
1973 – The Portuguese Socialist Party is founded in the German town of Bad Münstereifel.
1975 – India's first satellite, Aryabhata, is launched.
1984 – Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.
1985 – U.S.S.R performs nuclear tests at Eastern Kazakhstan/Semipalatinsk.
1985 – 200 ATF and FBI agents lay siege to the compound of the neo-Nazi survivalist group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord in Arkansas. The CSA surrenders two days later.
1987 – The Simpsons premieres as a short cartoon on The Tracey Ullman Show.
1989 – A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
1989 – A 28-year-old female investment banker is severely beaten and sexually assaulted while jogging in New York City’s Central Park. Five teenagers from Harlem were convicted of the crime, which shocked New Yorkers for its randomness and viciousness and became emblematic of the perceived lawlessness of the city at the time. The case was also racially divisive, as the teens were black and Hispanic and the victim was white. In 2002, a convicted murderer and serial rapist, already behind bars, came forward to confess he had attacked the Central Park jogger when he was 17 and had acted alone. DNA evidence later confirmed his rape claim. In December 2002, the convictions of the five men originally charged in the case were overturned. History
1993 – At Mount Carmel in Waco, Texas, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) launches a tear-gas assault on the Branch Davidian compound, ending a tense 51-day standoff between the federal government and an armed religious cult. Fire breaks out, and by the end of the day the compound is burned to the ground. Some 80 Branch Davidians, including sect leader David Koresh and 22 children, had perished in the inferno.
1993 – South Dakota governor George Mickelson and seven others are killed when a state-owned aircraft crashes in Iowa.
1995 – Just after 9 a.m., a massive truck bomb explodes outside the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The blast collapsed the north face of the nine-story building, instantly killing more than 100 people and trapping dozens more in the rubble. Emergency crews raced to Oklahoma City from across the country, and when the rescue effort finally ended two weeks later the death toll stood at 168 people killed, including 19 young children who were in the building's day-care center at the time of the blast.
1997 – The 1997 Red River Flood overwhelms the city of Grand Forks, North Dakota. Fire breaks out and spreads in downtown Grand Forks, but high water levels hamper efforts to reach the fire, leading to the destruction of 11 buildings.
1999 – The German Bundestag returns to Berlin, the first German parliamentary body to meet there since the Reichstag was dissolved in 1933.
2000 – Security guard David Sanes is killed in accidental bombing in Vieques, Puerto Rico that resulted in U.S. Navy closing down its bombing range there.
2011 – Fidel Castro resigns from the Communist Party of Cuba's central committee after 45 years of holding the title.
2013 – Boston Marathon bombings suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev is killed in a shootout with police. His brother Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is captured while hiding in a boat inside a backyard in Watertown, Massachusetts.
2014: The captain of a ferry that sank off the coast of South Korea, leaving more than 300 dead, is arrested on suspicion of negligence and abandoning people in need.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Ælphege, Archbishop of Canterbury, Martyr. Double.
Contemporary Western
Ælfheah of Canterbury (Anglican)
Emma of Lesum
Expeditus
George of Antioch
Pope Leo IX
Emma of Lesum
Expeditus
George of Antioch
Pope Leo IX
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Ælfheah of Canterbury (Anglican)
Olaus and Laurentius Petri (Lutheran)
Olaus and Laurentius Petri (Lutheran)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Martyrs Theodore of Perge in Pamphylia, his mother Philippa, and Dioscorus,
Socrates, and Dionysius (ca. 138-161)
Hieromartyr Paphnutius of Jerusalem and 546 companions martyred
with him (284-305)
Martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus and Galatas,
at Melitine, in Armenia
Martyrs Christopher, Theonas, and Antoninus, at Nicomedia (303)
Saint George the Confessor, Bishop of Antioch in Pisidia (ca. 741-775)
Venerable John of the Ancient Caves in Palestine (8th c.)
Saint Tryphon of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (931)
St. Nicephorus, Abbot of Katabad
Socrates, and Dionysius (ca. 138-161)
Hieromartyr Paphnutius of Jerusalem and 546 companions martyred
with him (284-305)
Martyrs Hermogenes, Caius, Expeditus, Aristonicus, Rufus and Galatas,
at Melitine, in Armenia
Martyrs Christopher, Theonas, and Antoninus, at Nicomedia (303)
Saint George the Confessor, Bishop of Antioch in Pisidia (ca. 741-775)
Venerable John of the Ancient Caves in Palestine (8th c.)
Saint Tryphon of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (931)
St. Nicephorus, Abbot of Katabad
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Vincent of Collioure, a martyr in Collioure in Languedoc in the south
of France, under Diocletian (ca. 304)
Saint Crescentius, confessor, a subdeacon in Florence in Italy and a disciple
of St Zenobius and St Ambrose (ca. 396)
Saint Ursmar, missionary bishop, founder of Aulne Abbey
and Wallers Abbey (713)
Saint Gerold, hermit at a village near Mitternach (978)
Hieromartyr Alphege of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
of France, under Diocletian (ca. 304)
Saint Crescentius, confessor, a subdeacon in Florence in Italy and a disciple
of St Zenobius and St Ambrose (ca. 396)
Saint Ursmar, missionary bishop, founder of Aulne Abbey
and Wallers Abbey (713)
Saint Gerold, hermit at a village near Mitternach (978)
Hieromartyr Alphege of Canterbury, Archbishop of Canterbury
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Venerable Symeon the Barefoot, of Philotheou Monastery, Mount Athos (1594)
Venerable Joasaph (Bolotov) of Kodiak, Enlightener of Alaska
and the American land (1799)
New Monk-martyr Agathangelus of Esphigmenou Monastery, Mt. Athos,
at Smyrna (1819)
Saint Matrona the Blind, of Moscow (1952)
Venerable Sebastian the Confessor of Optina and Karaganda (Elder Sebastian of Optina),
Venerable Joasaph (Bolotov) of Kodiak, Enlightener of Alaska
and the American land (1799)
New Monk-martyr Agathangelus of Esphigmenou Monastery, Mt. Athos,
at Smyrna (1819)
Saint Matrona the Blind, of Moscow (1952)
Venerable Sebastian the Confessor of Optina and Karaganda (Elder Sebastian of Optina),
Wonderworker and Clairvoyant, last of the great Optina Elders (1966)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hiero-confessor Victor (Ostrovidov), Bishop of Glazov (1934)
New Hieromartyr Demetrius Vlasenkov, Priest of Alma-Ata (1942)
New Hieromartyr Demetrius Vlasenkov, Priest of Alma-Ata (1942)
Other commemorations
of Novgorod (1362)
Uncovering of the relics (1621) of St. Joachim, founder of Opochka Monastery
in Pskov (ca. 1550)
Repose of Fool-for-Christ Asenetha of Goritsy (1892)
Repose of Hieroschemamonk and Schema-Metropolitan Alexis of Valaam (1900)
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