238 – Gordian II loses the Battle of Carthage against the Numidian forces loyal to Maximinus Thrax and is killed. Gordian I, his father, commits suicide.
240 – Shapur I is crowned as king of the Sasanian Empire.
467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christianity by Paulinus, first bishop of York.
1204 – Siege of Constantinople: The Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade breach the walls of Constantinople and enter the city, which they completely occupy the following day.
1606 – The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of English and Scottish ships.
1776 – American Revolution: With the Halifax Resolves, the North Carolina Provincial Congress authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence from Britain.
1807 – The Froberg mutiny ends when the remaining mutineers blow up the magazine of Fort Ricasoli.
1820 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
1831 – Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England cause it to collapse.
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| Bombardment of Fort Sumter by Currier & Ives from Wikipedia commons PD-Art photographs alert |
1862 – American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw).
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Pillow: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
1877 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
1910 – SMS Zrínyi, one of the last pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, is launched.
1917 – World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.
1927 – Shanghai massacre of 1927: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Communist Party of China members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.
1927 – Rocksprings, Texas was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town and killed 72 townspeople and injured 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.
1928 – The Bremen, a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, takes off for the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
1934 – The strongest surface wind gust in the world at 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. It has since been surpassed.
1934 – The U.S. Auto-Lite Strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
1935 – First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.
1937 – Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
1945 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies while in office; Vice President Harry Truman, becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.
1945 – The U.S. Ninth Army under General William H. Simpson crosses the Elbe River astride Magdeburg, and reached Tangermünde—only 50 miles from Berlin.
1955 – The polio vaccine developed by Dr. Jonas Salk was declared safe and effective.
1961 – Russian military aviator, test pilot, and cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to travel into space and perform the first manned orbital spaceflight. His flight in the Vostok-1 spacecraft took 108 minutes, launching from the Baikonur spaceport and completing a full orbit around the Earth.
1963 – The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.
1970 – Soviet submarine K-8, carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.
1980 – Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'état, ending over 130 years of minority Americo-Liberian rule over the country.
1980 – Terry Fox begins his "Marathon of Hope" at St. John's, Newfoundland.
1981 – NASA's first launch of a Space Shuttle takes place with John Young and Robert Crippen aboard the Columbia - the STS-1 mission.
1990 – Jim Gary's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.
1992 – The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland. The resort and its park's name are subsequently changed to Disneyland Paris.
1994 – Canter & Siegel post the first commercial mass Usenet spam.
1998 – An earthquake in Slovenia, measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale occurs near the town of Bovec.
1999 – US President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a sexual harassment civil lawsuit.
2002 – A suicide bomber blows herself up at the entrance to Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda open-air market, killing 7 and wounding 104.
2007 – A suicide bomber penetrates the Green Zone and detonates in a cafeteria within a parliament building, killing Iraqi MP Mohammed Awad and wounding more than twenty other people.
2009 – Zimbabwe officially abandons the Zimbabwe Dollar as its official currency.
2010 – A train derails near Merano, Italy, after running into a landslide, causing nine deaths and injuring 28 people.
2013 – Two suicide bombers kill three Chadian soldiers and injure dozens of civilians at a market in Kidal, Mali.
2014 – The Great Fire of Valparaíso ravages the Chilean city of Valparaíso, killing 16, displacing nearly 10,000, and destroying over 2,000 homes.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Alferius
Blessed Angelo Carletti di Chivasso
Erkembode
Pope Julius I
Zeno of Verona
Blessed Angelo Carletti di Chivasso
Erkembode
Pope Julius I
Zeno of Verona
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Adoniram Judson (Episcopal Church)
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Hieromartyr Artemon the Presbyter, of Laodicea (284-305)
Martyrs Demas and Protion, and those with them, by beheading (285-305)
Martyr Sabbas the Goth, at Buzau in Wallachia (372)
Saint Isaac the Syrian (Isaac of Monteluco), Abbot of Spoleto, Italy (ca. 550)
Venerable monk-martyrs David, John and Menas, of Palestine,
shot by archers (after 636)
Venerable Anthusa of Constantinople (809)
Venerable Athanasia the Wonderworker (Athanasia of Aegina),
Abbess, of Aegina (850)
Saint Basil the Confessor, Bishop of Parium (9th c.)
Saint Sergius II, Patriarch of Constantinople (1019)
Martyrs Demas and Protion, and those with them, by beheading (285-305)
Martyr Sabbas the Goth, at Buzau in Wallachia (372)
Saint Isaac the Syrian (Isaac of Monteluco), Abbot of Spoleto, Italy (ca. 550)
Venerable monk-martyrs David, John and Menas, of Palestine,
shot by archers (after 636)
Venerable Anthusa of Constantinople (809)
Venerable Athanasia the Wonderworker (Athanasia of Aegina),
Abbess, of Aegina (850)
Saint Basil the Confessor, Bishop of Parium (9th c.)
Saint Sergius II, Patriarch of Constantinople (1019)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Saint Vissia, a virgin-martyr in Fermo near Ancona in Italy under Decius (ca. 250)
Saint Victor of Braga (São Victor), a catechumen martyred in Braga in Portugal
under Diocletian, thus baptised in his own blood (ca. 300)
Saint Julius I, Pope of Rome, defended St Athanasius against his Arian accusers,
and also built many churches (352)
Hieromartyr Zeno of Verona, Bishop of Verona (371)
Saint Constantine, the first Bishop of Gap in France (529)
Saint Wigbert (690)
Saint Tetricus, Abbot of St Germanus in Auxerre, then Bishop of Auxerre
by popular acclamation, murdered in his sleep (707)
Saint Damian of Pavia, Bishop of Pavia in Lombardy in Italy,
who vigorously opposed Monothelitism (710)
Saint Erkemboden, a monk at Sithin in Saint-Omer in France,
later Bishop of Thérouanne (714)
Saint Alferius, (Alpherius, Adalfericus), monk, founder of the Monastery
of La Cava (1050)
Saint Victor of Braga (São Victor), a catechumen martyred in Braga in Portugal
under Diocletian, thus baptised in his own blood (ca. 300)
Saint Julius I, Pope of Rome, defended St Athanasius against his Arian accusers,
and also built many churches (352)
Hieromartyr Zeno of Verona, Bishop of Verona (371)
Saint Constantine, the first Bishop of Gap in France (529)
Saint Wigbert (690)
Saint Tetricus, Abbot of St Germanus in Auxerre, then Bishop of Auxerre
by popular acclamation, murdered in his sleep (707)
Saint Damian of Pavia, Bishop of Pavia in Lombardy in Italy,
who vigorously opposed Monothelitism (710)
Saint Erkemboden, a monk at Sithin in Saint-Omer in France,
later Bishop of Thérouanne (714)
Saint Alferius, (Alpherius, Adalfericus), monk, founder of the Monastery
of La Cava (1050)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Sylvester, Bishop of Pereyaslav and Igumen
of Vydubychi Monastery (1123)
Saint Basil of Ryazan, Bishop of Ryazan (1295)
Venerable Acacius of Kapsokalyvia Skete, Mount Athos (1730)
of Vydubychi Monastery (1123)
Saint Basil of Ryazan, Bishop of Ryazan (1295)
Venerable Acacius of Kapsokalyvia Skete, Mount Athos (1730)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyr Demetrius Rozhdestvensky, Protopresbyter
of Alma-Ata (1921)
New Hieromartyr Sergius (1938)
of Alma-Ata (1921)
New Hieromartyr Sergius (1938)
Other commemorations
Deposition of the Cincture (Sash) of the Most Holy Theotokos
in Constantinople (942)
Synaxis of the Murom Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (early 12th c.)
Synaxis of the Belinich Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (1876)
Venerable Neophytus the Recluse, of Cyprus, Wonderworker (1204)
Repose of Archbishop Juvenal of Vilnius, Lithuania,
monk of Optina Monastery (1904)
Proclamation of the autocephaly of the Church of Georgia (1917)
in Constantinople (942)
Synaxis of the Murom Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (early 12th c.)
Synaxis of the Belinich Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (1876)
Venerable Neophytus the Recluse, of Cyprus, Wonderworker (1204)
Repose of Archbishop Juvenal of Vilnius, Lithuania,
monk of Optina Monastery (1904)
Proclamation of the autocephaly of the Church of Georgia (1917)
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