472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in the St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy.
1174 – Baldwin IV, 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.
1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Guldensporenslag in Dutch) – a coalition around the Flemish cities defeats the king of France's royal army.
1346 – Charles IV, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia, is elected King of the Romans.
1405 – Ming admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
1476 – Giuliano della Rovere is appointed bishop of Coutances.
1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
1735 – Mathematical calculations suggest that it is on this day that dwarf planet Pluto moved inside the orbit of Neptune for the last time before 1979.
1740 – Pogrom: Jews are expelled from Little Russia.
1750 – Halifax, Nova Scotia is almost completely destroyed by fire.
1789 – Jacques Necker is dismissed as France's Finance Minister sparking the Storming of the Bastille.
1796 – The United States takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established by an act of Congress. They had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
1801 – French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. In the next 27 years he discovers another 36 comets, more than any other person in history.
1804 – A duel occurs at Weehawken, N.J. in which the U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr mortally wounds longtime political foe Alexander Hamilton, the former first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
1833 – Noongar Australian aboriginal warrior Yagan, wanted for the murder of white colonists in Western Australia, is killed.
1847 – Songwriter Stephen Foster's first major hit, "Oh! Susanna," was performed for the first time, in a Pittsburgh saloon. It soon became a standard for minstrel shows.
1848 – Waterloo railway station in London opens.
1859 – Charles Dickens' A Tale of Two Cities was published.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Fort Stevens; Confederate forces attempt to invade Washington, D.C.
1882 – The British Mediterranean Fleet begins the Bombardment of Alexandria in Egypt as part of the Anglo-Egyptian War.
1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto.
1893 – A revolution led by the liberal general and politician, José Santos Zelaya, takes over state power in Nicaragua.
1895 – Brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière demonstrate movie film technology to scientists.
1897 – Salomon August Andrée leaves Spitsbergen to attempt to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.
1906 – Murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette in the United States, inspiration for Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy.
1914 – Babe Ruth makes his debut in Major League Baseball as a pitcher for Boston Red Sox.
1914 – USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched.
1919 – The eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.
1920 – In the East Prussian plebiscite the local populace decides to remain with Weimar Germany.
1921 – A truce in the Irish War of Independence comes into effect.
1921 – The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
1921 – Former President of the United States William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, becoming the only person ever to hold both offices.
1922 – The Hollywood Bowl opens.
1924 – Eric Liddell won the gold medal in 400m at the 1924 Paris Olympics, after refusing to run in the heats for 100m, his favoured distance, on the Sunday
1930 – Australian cricketer Donald Bradman scores a world record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a Test match against England.
1934 – Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport without assisted take-off.
1936 – The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
1940 – World War II: Vichy France regime is formally established. Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France.
1941 – The Northern Rhodesian Labour Party holds its first congress in Nkana.
1943 – Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Volhynia) peak.
1943 – World War II: Allied invasion of Sicily – German and Italian troops launch a counter-attack on Allied forces in Sicily.
1947 – The Exodus 1947 heads to Palestine from France.
1950 – Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
1952 – U.S. Army Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower was nominated as the Republican presidential candidate, with Richard Nixon as his running mate. They were elected that November.
1955 – The U.S. Air Force Academy in Colorado was dedicated, with 300 cadets in its first class.
1957 – Prince Karim Husseini Aga Khan IV inherits the office of Imamat as the 49th Imam of Shia Imami Ismai'li worldwide, after the death of Sir Sultan Mahommed Shah Aga Khan III.
1960 – France legislates for the independence of Dahomey (later Benin), Upper Volta (later Burkina) and Niger.
1960 – Congo Crisis: The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1960 – To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published.
1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
1962 – Project Apollo: At a press conference, NASA announces lunar orbit rendezvous as the means to land astronauts on the Moon, and return them to Earth.
1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalized.
1972 – The first game of the World Chess Championship 1972 between challenger Bobby Fischer and defending champion Boris Spassky starts.
1973 – Varig Flight 820 crashes near Paris, France on approach to Orly Airport, killing 123 of the 134 on board. In response, the FAA bans smoking on flights.
1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
1978 – Los Alfaques disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain killing 216 tourists.
1979 – America's first space station, Skylab, is destroyed as it re-enters the Earth's atmosphere over the Indian Ocean after six years in orbit, scattering tons of debris across the Australian desert.
1990 – Oka Crisis: First Nations land dispute in Quebec, Canada begins.
1991 – Nigeria Airways Flight 2120 crashes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing all 261 passengers and crew on board
1995 – The Srebrenica massacre is carried out by units of the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) under the command of General Ratko Mladić.
1995 – The United States resumed diplomatic relations with Vietnam.
2006 – Mumbai train bombings: Two hundred nine people are killed in a series of bomb attacks in Mumbai, India.
2010 – July 2010 Kampala attacks: At least 74 people are killed in twin suicide bombings at two locations in Kampala, Uganda.
2011 – An overloaded Russian cruise ship with a malfunctioning engine capsized in the Volga River during a thunderstorm and quickly sank, killing 122 people. There were 79 survivors.
2011 – Evangelos Florakis Naval Base explosion: Ninety-eight containers of explosives self-detonate killing 13 people in Zygi, Cyprus.
2011 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1997 is adopted, authorising the withdrawal of the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) by August 31, 2011.
2012 – Astronomers announce the discovery of Styx, the fifth moon of Pluto.
2013 – Pennsylvania Attorney General Kathleen Kane said she wouldn't defend the state's ban against same-sex marriage. Kane, a Democrat, said, "It is now the time here in Pennsylvania to end another wave of discrimination." In May 2014, a federal judge struck down the Pennsylvania ban.
2014 – NBA superstar LeBron James, who left Cleveland for Miami in 2010 and led the Heat to two titles, announced he was returning to the Cavaliers. James, who grew up in Akron, Ohio, said on Sports Illustrated's website: "My relationship with northeast Ohio is bigger than basketball. I didn't realize that four years ago. I do now."
2014 – NBA superstar LeBron James, who left Cleveland for Miami in 2010 and led the Heat to two titles, announced he was returning to the Cavaliers. James, who grew up in Akron, Ohio, said on Sports Illustrated's website: "My relationship with northeast Ohio is bigger than basketball. I didn't realize that four years ago. I do now."
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Cyril, Bishop of Moravia, and Methodius, Bishop of Kieff, Confessors. Double.
Commemoration of St. Pius I, Pope and Martyr.
Commemoration of St. Pius I, Pope and Martyr.
Contemporary Western
Benedict of Nursia
Olga of Kiev
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Great martyr Euphemia the All-praised (451)
Blessed Equal-to-the-Apostles Olga, princess of Russia, named Helen in holy baptism (969)
Hieromartyr Cindeus of Pamphylia (4th century)
Saint Nicodemus of Vatopedi on Mount Athos (14th century)
Martyr Nicodemus of Mt. Athos (1722)
Martyr Nectarius of St. Anne's Skete on Mount Athos
Saint Leo of Mandra, monk
Martyr Martyrocles
Blessed Equal-to-the-Apostles Olga, princess of Russia, named Helen in holy baptism (969)
Hieromartyr Cindeus of Pamphylia (4th century)
Saint Nicodemus of Vatopedi on Mount Athos (14th century)
Martyr Nicodemus of Mt. Athos (1722)
Martyr Nectarius of St. Anne's Skete on Mount Athos
Saint Leo of Mandra, monk
Martyr Martyrocles
Pre-Schism Western Saints
St. Drostan, founder and first Abbot of Deer in Aberdeenshire.
He is counted amongst the Apostles of Scotland
St. Thurketyl, the brother of King Edred of England who restored
Crowland Abbey and then served as its abbot
He is counted amongst the Apostles of Scotland
St. Thurketyl, the brother of King Edred of England who restored
Crowland Abbey and then served as its abbot
Other commemorations
Repose of cave dweller Anastasia of St. Cornelius of Padan
Hermitage in Olonets (1901)
Hermitage in Olonets (1901)
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