451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory.
1248 – The University of Oxford receives its Royal charter.
1631 – The sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.
1652 – Tarhoncu Ahmet Paşa is appointed grand vezir of the Ottoman Empire.
1685 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth declares himself King of England at Bridgwater.
1756 – A British garrison is imprisoned in the Black Hole of Calcutta.
1782 – The U.S. Congress adopts the Great Seal of the United States.
1787 – Oliver Ellsworth moves at the Federal Convention to call the government the United States.
1789 – Deputies of the French Third Estate take the Tennis Court Oath.
1819 – The U.S. vessel SS Savannah arrives at Liverpool, United Kingdom. It is the first steam-propelled vessel to cross the Atlantic, although most of the journey is made under sail.
1837 – Queen Victoria succeeds to the British throne.
1840 – Samuel Morse receives the patent for the telegraph.
1862 – Barbu Catargiu, the Prime Minister of Romania, is assassinated.
1863 – American Civil War: West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
1877 – Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
1887 – Victoria Terminus, the busiest railway station in India, opens in Bombay.
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| 1890s - Lizzie Borden House from whatwasthere.com |
1895 – The Kiel Canal, crossing the base of the Jutland peninsula and the busiest artificial waterway in the world, is officially opened.
1900 – Boxer Rebellion: The Imperial Chinese Army begins a 55-day siege of the Legation Quarter in Beijing, China.
1900 – Baron Eduard Toll, leader of the Russian Polar Expedition of 1900, departs Saint Petersburg in Russia on the explorer ship Zarya, never to return.
1921 – Workers of Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in the city of Chennai (Madras), India, begin a four-month strike.
1940 – World War II: Italy begins an unsuccessful invasion of France.
1941 – The United States Army Air Corps is deprecated to being the American training and logistics section of what is known until 1947 as the United States Army Air Forces, just two days before Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union.
1942 – The Holocaust: Kazimierz Piechowski and three others, dressed as members of the SS-Totenkopfverbände, steal an SS staff car and escape from the Auschwitz concentration camp.
1943 – The Detroit Race Riot breaks out and continues for three more days.
1944 – World War II: The Battle of the Philippine Sea concludes with a decisive U.S. naval victory. The lopsided naval air battle is also known as the "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot".
1944 – Continuation war: The Soviet Union demands an unconditional surrender from Finland during the beginning of partially successful Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive. The Finnish government refuses.
1944 – The Central Intelligence Agency is chartered by Congress.
1945 – The United States Secretary of State approves the transfer of Wernher von Braun and his team of Nazi rocket scientists to America.
1948 – Toast of the Town, later The Ed Sullivan Show, makes its television debut.
1956 – A Venezuelan Super-Constellation crashes in the Atlantic Ocean off Asbury Park, New Jersey, killing 74 people.
1959 – A rare June hurricane strikes Canada's Gulf of St. Lawrence killing 35.
1960 – The Mali Federation gains independence from France (it later splits into Mali and Senegal).
1963 – The so-called "red telephone" link is established between the Soviet Union and the United States following the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1972 – Watergate scandal: An 18½-minute gap appears in the tape recording of the conversations between U.S. President Richard Nixon and his advisers regarding the recent arrests of his operatives while breaking into the Watergate complex.
1973 – Ezeiza massacre in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Snipers fire upon left-wing Peronists. At least 13 are killed and more than 300 are injured.
1975 – The film Jaws is released in the United States, becoming the highest-grossing film of that time and starting the trend of films known as "summer blockbusters".
1979 – ABC News correspondent Bill Stewart is shot dead by a Nicaraguan soldier under the regime of Anastasio Somoza Debayle. The murder is caught on tape and sparks an international outcry against the regime.
1982 – The Argentine Corbeta Uruguay base on Southern Thule surrenders to Royal Marine commandos in the final action of the Falklands War.
1990 – Asteroid Eureka is discovered.
1990 – The 7.4 Mw Manjil–Rudbar earthquake affects northern Iran with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing 35,000–50,000, and injuring 60,000–105,000.
1991 – The German Bundestag votes to move the capital from Bonn back to Berlin.
1993 – The Chicago Bulls become first team since legendary Boston Celtics of the 1960s to win three consecutive NBA titles.
2001 – Andrea Yates, in an attempt to save her young children from Satan, drowns all five of them in a bathtub in Houston, Texas.
2003 – The Wikimedia Foundation is founded in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Silverius, Pope of Rome, and Martyr.
Contemporary Western
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Hieromartyr Methodius of Patar, bishop (312)
Martyrs Aristocleus, presbyter; Demetrian, deacon; and Athanasius, reader; of Cyprus
Martyrs Inna, Pinna, and Rimma, disciples of the Apostle Andrew, in Scythia
Saint Leucius, Bishop of Brindisi (5th century)
Holy Prince Gleb Andreevich (1174)
Saint Nahum of Ochrida (9th century)
Saint Callistus I of Constantinople, Patriarch (1362)
Saint Nicholas Cabasilas, Metropolitan of Dirrachys
Martyrs Aristocleus, presbyter; Demetrian, deacon; and Athanasius, reader; of Cyprus
Martyrs Inna, Pinna, and Rimma, disciples of the Apostle Andrew, in Scythia
Saint Leucius, Bishop of Brindisi (5th century)
Holy Prince Gleb Andreevich (1174)
Saint Nahum of Ochrida (9th century)
Saint Callistus I of Constantinople, Patriarch (1362)
Saint Nicholas Cabasilas, Metropolitan of Dirrachys
Other commemorations
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