844 – Battle of Clavijo: The Apostle Saint James the Greater is said to have miraculously appeared to a force of outnumbered Asturians and aided them against the forces of the Emir of Cordoba.
1430 – Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne.
1498 – Girolamo Savonarola, a Dominican friar in Renaissance Florence, was burned at the stake. Openly critical of the pope and clerical corruption, some consider him a vital precursor to the Reformation.
1533 – The marriage of King Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void.
1568 – The Netherlands declare their independence from Spain.
1568 – Dutch rebels led by Louis of Nassau, defeat Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg, and his loyalist troops in the Battle of Heiligerlee, opening the Eighty Years' War.
1609 – Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia takes place.
1618 – The Second Defenestration of Prague precipitates the Thirty Years' War.
1701 – After being convicted of piracy and of murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd is hanged in London, England.
1706 – Battle of Ramillies: John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeats a French army under Marshal François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi.
1785 – Founding Father and inventor Benjamin Franklin announces his newest invention, bifocals.
1788 – South Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution as the eighth American state.
1793 – Battle of Famars during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.
1829 – Accordion patent granted to Cyrill Demian in Vienna, Austrian Empire.
1844 – Declaration of the Báb the evening before the 23rd: A merchant of Shiraz announces that he is a Prophet and founds a religious movement that would later be brutally crushed by the Persian government. He is considered to be a forerunner of the Bahá'í Faith, and Bahá'ís celebrate the day as a holy day.
1846 – Mexican–American War: President Mariano Paredes of Mexico unofficially declares war on the United States.
1873 – The Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West Mounted Police, the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
1895 – The Astor Library and the Lenox Library agreed to merge and form the New York Public Library.
1900 – American Civil War: Sergeant William Harvey Carney is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism in the Assault on the Battery Wagner in 1863.
1903 – The first automobile trip across the country begins, leaving from San Francisco and arriving in New York on July 26.
1907 – The unicameral Parliament of Finland gathers for its first plenary session.
1911 – The New York Public Library is dedicated.
1915 – World War I: Italy joins the Allies after they declare war on Austria-Hungary.
1932 – In Brazil, four students are shot and killed during a manifestation against the Brazilian dictator Getúlio Vargas, which occurred in the city of São Paulo. Their names and surnames were used to form the MMDC, a revolutionary group that would act against the dictatorial government, especially in the Constitutionalist Revolution ("Revolução Constitucionalista", in Portuguese), the major uprising in Brazil during the 20th century.
1934 – Bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow are shot to death in a police ambush as they are driving a stolen Ford Deluxe along a road in Bienville Parish, Louisiana.
1934 – The Auto-Lite strike culminates in the "Battle of Toledo", a five-day melée between 1,300 troops of the Ohio National Guard and 6,000 picketers.
1939 – The U.S. Navy submarine USS Squalus sinks off the coast of New Hampshire during a test dive, causing the death of 24 sailors and two civilian technicians. The remaining 32 sailors and one civilian naval architect are rescued the following day.
1945 – World War II: Heinrich Himmler, the head of the Schutzstaffel, commits suicide while in Allied custody.
1945 – World War II: The Flensburg Government under Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz is dissolved when its members are captured and arrested by British forces at Flensburg in Northern Germany.
1948 – Thomas C. Wasson, the US Consul-General, is assassinated in Jerusalem, Israel.
1949 – The Federal Republic of Germany is established and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany is proclaimed.
1951 – Tibetans sign the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet with China.
1958 – The satellite Explorer 1 ceases transmission.
1970 – Robert Stephenson's pioneering Britannia Tubular Bridge over the Menai Strait is catastrophically damaged by fire after standing for 120 years.
1977 – The Supreme Court refuses to hear the appeals of H. R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman, and John Mitchell, conspirators in the Watergate scandal.
1992 – Italy's most prominent anti-mafia judge Giovanni Falcone, his wife and three body guards are killed by the Corleonesi clan with a half-ton bomb near Capaci, Sicily. His friend and colleague Paolo Borsellino will be assassinated less than two months later, making 1992 a turning point in the history of Italian Mafia prosecutions.
1995 – The first version of the Java programming language is released.
1998 – The Good Friday Agreement is accepted in a referendum in Northern Ireland with 75% voting yes.
2002 – The "55 parties" clause of the Kyoto Protocol is reached after its ratification by Iceland.
2004 – Part of Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport's Terminal 2E collapses, killing four people and injuring three others.
2006 – Alaskan stratovolcano Mount Cleveland erupts.
2008 – The International Court of Justice (ICJ) awards Middle Rocks to Malaysia and Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh) to Singapore, ending a 29-year territorial dispute between the two countries.
2009 – Former South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun commits suicide, jumping from a 45-meter cliff in Bongha, Gimhae, South Korea.
2010 – Jamaican police begin a manhunt for drug lord Christopher Coke, after the United States requested his extradition, leading to three days of violence during which at least 73 bystanders are killed.
2012 – Adam Lambert became the first openly gay artist to debut at #1 on the Billboard 200 Album Charts, with his album Trespassing.
2013 – The Interstate 5 bridge over the Skagit River collapses in Mount Vernon, Washington.
2014 – Seven people, including the perpetrator, are killed and another 13 injured in a killing spree near the campus of University of California, Santa Barbara.
2015 – At least 46 people are killed as a result of floods caused by a tornado in Texas and Oklahoma.
1995 – The first version of the Java programming language is released.
1998 – The Good Friday Agreement is accepted in a referendum in Northern Ireland with 75% voting yes.
2002 – The "55 parties" clause of the Kyoto Protocol is reached after its ratification by Iceland.
2004 – Part of Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport's Terminal 2E collapses, killing four people and injuring three others.
2006 – Alaskan stratovolcano Mount Cleveland erupts.
2008 – The International Court of Justice (ICJ) awards Middle Rocks to Malaysia and Pedra Branca (Pulau Batu Puteh) to Singapore, ending a 29-year territorial dispute between the two countries.
2009 – Former South Korean president Roh Moo-hyun commits suicide, jumping from a 45-meter cliff in Bongha, Gimhae, South Korea.
2010 – Jamaican police begin a manhunt for drug lord Christopher Coke, after the United States requested his extradition, leading to three days of violence during which at least 73 bystanders are killed.
2012 – Adam Lambert became the first openly gay artist to debut at #1 on the Billboard 200 Album Charts, with his album Trespassing.
2013 – The Interstate 5 bridge over the Skagit River collapses in Mount Vernon, Washington.
2014 – Seven people, including the perpetrator, are killed and another 13 injured in a killing spree near the campus of University of California, Santa Barbara.
2015 – At least 46 people are killed as a result of floods caused by a tornado in Texas and Oklahoma.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Desiderius of Vienne
Julia of Corsica
Quintian, Lucius and Julian
Julia of Corsica
Quintian, Lucius and Julian
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Nicolaus Copernicus and Johannes Kepler (Episcopal Church (USA))
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
Holy Myrrh-bearer Mary, the wife of Cleopas, aunt of Jesus (1st c.)
Saint Manaen (Manahen), prophet and teacher of the Church of Antioch
(Acts 13:1) (1st c.)
Martyr Seleucus (Selefkos), by sawing
Saint Michael the Confessor, Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia Salutaris (826)
Hieromartyr Michael the black-robed, monk of St. Sabbas Monastery (9th c.)
Saint Manaen (Manahen), prophet and teacher of the Church of Antioch
(Acts 13:1) (1st c.)
Martyr Seleucus (Selefkos), by sawing
Saint Michael the Confessor, Bishop of Synnada in Phrygia Salutaris (826)
Hieromartyr Michael the black-robed, monk of St. Sabbas Monastery (9th c.)
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Hieromartyrs Epitacius, first Bishop of Tui in Galicia (Spain); and Basileus,
second Bishop of Braga in Portugal c. 60-95 (1st century)
Saint Euphebius, Bishop of Naples in Italy
Martyr Salonas the Roman, by the sword
Martyrs Donatianus and Rogatianus of Nantes, brothers (c. 284-305)
Saint Merculialis of Forli (Mercurialis), Bishop of Forlì, zealous opponent
of paganism and Arianism (406)
Saint Desiderius of Langres, Bishop of Langres in Gaul (407)
Martyrs Quintianus, Lucius and Julianus, with 19 other Christians in North
Africa during the persecution of the Arian Vandals (430)
Saint Patricius (Patrice), Bishop of Bayeux in Normandy 464-469 AD (469)
Saints Eutychius and Florentius, two monks who governed a monastery
in Valcastoria near Nursia, Italy (540)
Saint Goban (Gobhnena), Abbot of the monastery of Old Leighlin, from where
he went to Tascaffin in Co. Limerick, Ireland (6th/7th c.)
Hieromartyr Desiderius, Bishop of Vienne (608)
Saint Syagrius (Siacre) of Nice, a monk at Lérins Abbey, who later
founded the monastery of St Pons, at Cimiez, after which
he became Bishop of Nice 777-787 (787)
Saint Guibertus, a hermit on his own estate of Gembloux in Brabant, Belgium,
who retired to the monastery of Gorze in France (962)
second Bishop of Braga in Portugal c. 60-95 (1st century)
Saint Euphebius, Bishop of Naples in Italy
Martyr Salonas the Roman, by the sword
Martyrs Donatianus and Rogatianus of Nantes, brothers (c. 284-305)
Saint Merculialis of Forli (Mercurialis), Bishop of Forlì, zealous opponent
of paganism and Arianism (406)
Saint Desiderius of Langres, Bishop of Langres in Gaul (407)
Martyrs Quintianus, Lucius and Julianus, with 19 other Christians in North
Africa during the persecution of the Arian Vandals (430)
Saint Patricius (Patrice), Bishop of Bayeux in Normandy 464-469 AD (469)
Saints Eutychius and Florentius, two monks who governed a monastery
in Valcastoria near Nursia, Italy (540)
Saint Goban (Gobhnena), Abbot of the monastery of Old Leighlin, from where
he went to Tascaffin in Co. Limerick, Ireland (6th/7th c.)
Hieromartyr Desiderius, Bishop of Vienne (608)
Saint Syagrius (Siacre) of Nice, a monk at Lérins Abbey, who later
founded the monastery of St Pons, at Cimiez, after which
he became Bishop of Nice 777-787 (787)
Saint Guibertus, a hermit on his own estate of Gembloux in Brabant, Belgium,
who retired to the monastery of Gorze in France (962)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Damian (Damianos in monasticm), (King Demetrius) of Georgia
(1125-1156), Hymnographer (1156)
Saint Euphrosyne of Polatsk, Princess (1173)
Saint Simon, Bishop of Suzdal (c. 12th c.)
Saint Abramios of Yaroslavl, monk and abbot of the Savior Monastery
in Yaroslavl (1219)
Saint Ioannicius I, Metropolitan of Peć and Archbishop of Serbia 1272-1276 (1279)
Saint Anthony, Bishop of Rostov (1336)
Saint Cyril, Bishop of Rostov (1384)
Saint Paisius of Galich, abbot (1460)
Saints Adrian and Bogolep of Uglich, monks of St. Paisius of Uglich Monastery
(late 15th c.)
Saints Anthony and Joannicius of Zaonikiev Monastery (Vologda) (16th c.)
Saint Dorotheus of Pskov Lavra, monk and hermit (1622),[note 12] and Monk
Hilarion of the Dormition of the Theotokos monastery near Podolsk (17th-18th c.)
Saint Alexander, Bishop and Wonderworker of Pereyaslav (17th c.)
Saint Joachim, monk of St. Nicholas monastery of Sartoma (17th c.)
Synaxis of All Saints of Rostov and Yaroslavl (established on March 10, 1964):
Rostov Wonderworkers: Bishop Leontius (1073); Archimandrite Abraham the
wonderworker (1073-1077); Bishop Isaiah, wonderworker (1090); Prince
Basil (1238); Bishop Ignatius (1288); Peter, Tsarevich of Ordynsk (1290);
Bishop James (1391); Archbishop Theodore (1394); Blessed Isidore, Fool-for-
Christ (1474); Blessed John of the Hair-Shirt (the Merciful), Fool-for- Christ
(1580); Monk Irenarchus the Hermit (1616); Metropolitan Demetrius (1709);
Yaroslav Wonderworkers: Princes Basil (1249); Constantine (1257); Theodore
(1299) and his sons David (1321) and Constantine (XIV);
Pereslavl Wonderworkers: Monk Nikita the Stylite (1186); Prince Alexander
Nevsky (1263); Prince Andrew of Smolensk (15th century); Monk Daniel
the Archimandrite (1540);
Uglich Wonderworkers: Prince Roman (1285); Monk Paisius (1504); Monk
Cassian (1504); Monk Ignatius of Lomsk (1591); Tsarevich Demetrius (1591);
Poshekhonsk Wonderworkers: Monk Sylvester of Obnora (1379); Monk Sebastian
(1542); Hieromartyr Adrian (1550);[41] Monk Gennadius of Liubimograd
and Kostroma (1565).
(1125-1156), Hymnographer (1156)
Saint Euphrosyne of Polatsk, Princess (1173)
Saint Simon, Bishop of Suzdal (c. 12th c.)
Saint Abramios of Yaroslavl, monk and abbot of the Savior Monastery
in Yaroslavl (1219)
Saint Ioannicius I, Metropolitan of Peć and Archbishop of Serbia 1272-1276 (1279)
Saint Anthony, Bishop of Rostov (1336)
Saint Cyril, Bishop of Rostov (1384)
Saint Paisius of Galich, abbot (1460)
Saints Adrian and Bogolep of Uglich, monks of St. Paisius of Uglich Monastery
(late 15th c.)
Saints Anthony and Joannicius of Zaonikiev Monastery (Vologda) (16th c.)
Saint Dorotheus of Pskov Lavra, monk and hermit (1622),[note 12] and Monk
Hilarion of the Dormition of the Theotokos monastery near Podolsk (17th-18th c.)
Saint Alexander, Bishop and Wonderworker of Pereyaslav (17th c.)
Saint Joachim, monk of St. Nicholas monastery of Sartoma (17th c.)
Synaxis of All Saints of Rostov and Yaroslavl (established on March 10, 1964):
Rostov Wonderworkers: Bishop Leontius (1073); Archimandrite Abraham the
wonderworker (1073-1077); Bishop Isaiah, wonderworker (1090); Prince
Basil (1238); Bishop Ignatius (1288); Peter, Tsarevich of Ordynsk (1290);
Bishop James (1391); Archbishop Theodore (1394); Blessed Isidore, Fool-for-
Christ (1474); Blessed John of the Hair-Shirt (the Merciful), Fool-for- Christ
(1580); Monk Irenarchus the Hermit (1616); Metropolitan Demetrius (1709);
Yaroslav Wonderworkers: Princes Basil (1249); Constantine (1257); Theodore
(1299) and his sons David (1321) and Constantine (XIV);
Pereslavl Wonderworkers: Monk Nikita the Stylite (1186); Prince Alexander
Nevsky (1263); Prince Andrew of Smolensk (15th century); Monk Daniel
the Archimandrite (1540);
Uglich Wonderworkers: Prince Roman (1285); Monk Paisius (1504); Monk
Cassian (1504); Monk Ignatius of Lomsk (1591); Tsarevich Demetrius (1591);
Poshekhonsk Wonderworkers: Monk Sylvester of Obnora (1379); Monk Sebastian
(1542); Hieromartyr Adrian (1550);[41] Monk Gennadius of Liubimograd
and Kostroma (1565).
Other commemorations
Icon of the Theotokos 'Thou Art the True Vine'
Uncovering of the relics (1164) of St. Leontius, Bishop and Wonderworker
of Rostov (1073)
Saint Athanasius of Novolotsk, fool-for-Christ (16th/17th c.)
Hieromartyr Daniel with 30 monks and 200 laymen of Uglich, during the
Polish–Muscovite War (1608)
Repose of Hieromonk Damascene of Valaam (1825)
Repose of Hieroschemamonk Meletius of Svir, disciple of Elder Theodore
of Svir (1877)
Repose of Nun Euphrosyne, disciple of St. Barsanuphius of Optina (1934)
Restitution of the holy relics of Saint Joachim of Ithaca (1868)
Uncovering of the relics of martyrs Evdokia Sheykovoy, Daria Timaginoy,
Daria Ulybin, and Mary Neizvestnaya (2001)
Uncovering of the relics (1164) of St. Leontius, Bishop and Wonderworker
of Rostov (1073)
Saint Athanasius of Novolotsk, fool-for-Christ (16th/17th c.)
Hieromartyr Daniel with 30 monks and 200 laymen of Uglich, during the
Polish–Muscovite War (1608)
Repose of Hieromonk Damascene of Valaam (1825)
Repose of Hieroschemamonk Meletius of Svir, disciple of Elder Theodore
of Svir (1877)
Repose of Nun Euphrosyne, disciple of St. Barsanuphius of Optina (1934)
Restitution of the holy relics of Saint Joachim of Ithaca (1868)
Uncovering of the relics of martyrs Evdokia Sheykovoy, Daria Timaginoy,
Daria Ulybin, and Mary Neizvestnaya (2001)
Syriac Orthodox Church
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