495 BC – A newly constructed temple in honour of the god Mercury was dedicated in ancient Rome on the Circus Maximus, between the Aventine and Palatine hills. To spite the senate and the consuls, the people awarded the dedication to a senior military officer, Marcus Laetorius.
221 – Liu Bei, Chinese warlord, proclaims himself emperor of Shu Han, the successor of the Han dynasty.
392 – Emperor Valentinian II is assassinated while advancing into Gaul against the Frankish usurper Arbogast. He is found hanging in his residence at Vienne.
589 – King Authari marries Theodelinda, daughter of the Bavarian duke Garibald I. A Catholic, she has great influence among the Lombard nobility.
1252 – Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull ad extirpanda, which authorizes, but also limits, the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition.
1525 – Insurgent peasants led by Anabaptist pastor Thomas Müntzer were defeated at the Battle of Frankenhausen, ending the German Peasants' War in the Holy Roman Empire.
1536 – Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, stands trial in London on charges of treason, adultery and incest. She is condemned to death by a specially-selected jury.
1567 – Mary, Queen of Scots marries James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, her third husband.
1602 – Bartholomew Gosnold becomes the first recorded European to see Cape Cod.
1618 – Johannes Kepler confirms his previously rejected discovery of the third law of planetary motion (he first discovered it on March 8 but soon rejected the idea after some initial calculations were made).
1648 – The Treaty of Westphalia is signed.
1701 – War of the Spanish Succession: With no diplomatic breakthrough made since the signing of the Second Treaty of Grand Alliance, England, the Dutch Republic, and Austria declare war on France.
1718 – James Puckle, a London lawyer, patents the world's first machine gun.
1730 – Robert Walpole effectively became the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
1755 – Laredo, Texas is established by the Spaniards.
1756: The French and Indian War, known in Europe as the Seven Years War, was officially declared.
1776 – American Revolution: The Virginia Convention instructs its Continental Congress delegation to propose a resolution of independence from Great Britain, paving the way for the United States Declaration of Independence.
1791 – French Revolution: Maximilien Robespierre proposes the Self-denying Ordinance.
1792 – War of the First Coalition: France declares war on Kingdom of Sardinia.
1793 – Diego Marín Aguilera flies a glider for "about 360 meters", at a height of 5–6 meters, during one of the first attempted manned flights.
1796 – First Coalition: Napoleon enters Milan in triumph.
1800 – King George III of the United Kingdom survives an assassination attempt by James Hadfield, who is later acquitted by reason of insanity.
1811 – Paraguay declares independence from Spain.
1817 – Opening of the first private mental health hospital in the United States, the Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason (now Friends Hospital) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
1836 – Francis Baily observes "Baily's beads" during an annular eclipse.
1848 – Serfdom is abolished in the Habsburg Galicia, as a result of the 1848 revolutions. The rest of monarchy followed later in the year.
1849 – Troops of the Two Sicilies take Palermo and crush the republican government of Sicily.
1850 – The Bloody Island Massacre takes place in Lake County, California, in which a large number of Pomo Indians in Lake County are slaughtered by a regiment of the United States Cavalry, led by Nathaniel Lyon.
1850 – The Arana-Southern Treaty is ratified, ending "the existing differences" between Great Britain and Argentina.
1851 – The first Australian gold rush is proclaimed, although the discovery had been made three months earlier.
1858 – Opening of the present Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.
1862 – President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the United States Bureau of Agriculture. It is later renamed the United States Department of Agriculture.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Resaca, Georgia ends.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of New Market, Virginia: Students from the Virginia Military Institute fight alongside the Confederate Army to force Union General Franz Sigel out of the Shenandoah Valley.
1869 – Women's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
1891 – Pope Leo XIII defends workers' rights and property rights in the encyclical Rerum novarum, the beginning of modern Catholic social teaching.
1904 – Russo-Japanese War: The Russian minelayer Amur lays a minefield about 15 miles off Port Arthur and sinks Japan's battleships Hatsuse, 15,000 tons, with 496 crew and Yashima.
1905 – The city of Las Vegas is founded when 110 acres (0.45 km2), in what later would become downtown, are auctioned off.
1911 – In Standard Oil Company of New Jersey v. United States, the United States Supreme Court declares Standard Oil to be an "unreasonable" monopoly under the Sherman Antitrust Act and orders the company to be broken up.
1911 – Three hundred three Chinese and five Japanese immigrants are killed in the Torreón massacre when the forces of the Mexican Revolution led by Francisco I. Madero's brother Emilio Madero take the city of Torreón from the Federales.
1919 – The Winnipeg General Strike begins. By 11:00, almost the whole working population of Winnipeg, Manitoba had walked off the job.
1919 – Greek invasion of Smyrna. During the invasion, the Greek army kills or wounds 350 Turks. Those responsible are punished by the Greek Commander Aristides Stergiades.
1925 – Al-Insaniyyah, the first Arabic communist newspaper, is founded.
1928 – Walt Disney character Mickey Mouse premieres in his first cartoon, Plane Crazy.
1929 – A fire at the Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio kills 123.
1932 – In an attempted coup d'état, the Prime Minister of Japan Inukai Tsuyoshi is murdered.
1934 – Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
1935 – The Moscow Metro is opened to the public.
1940 – USS Sailfish is recommissioned. It was originally the USS Squalus.
1940 – World War II: After fierce fighting, the poorly trained and equipped Dutch troops surrender to Germany, marking the beginning of five years of occupation.
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| First McDonald's Restaurant San Bernardino, c. 1948 from whatwasthere.com |
1941 – First flight of the Gloster E.28/39 the first British and Allied jet aircraft.
1941 – Joe DiMaggio begins a 56-game hitting streak.
1942 – World War II: In the United States, a bill creating the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) is signed into law.
1942: Wartime gasoline rationing went into effect in 17 Eastern states, limiting sales to 3 gallons a week for nonessential vehicles.
1943 – Joseph Stalin dissolves the Comintern (or Third International).
1945 – World War II: The Battle of Poljana, the final skirmish in Europe is fought near Prevalje, Slovenia.
1948 – Following the expiration of The British Mandate for Palestine, the First Arab–Israeli War began when a coalition of Arab states, the Kingdom of Egypt, Transjordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, invade Israel in response to the Israeli Declaration of Independence. The war ended on March 10, 1949, but the territorial conflict persists today.
1951 – The Polish cultural attaché in Paris, Czesław Miłosz, asks the French government for political asylum.
1953 – Cubmaster Don Murphy organized the first pinewood derby, in Manhattan Beach, California, by Pack 280c.
1957 – At Malden Island in the Pacific Ocean, Britain tests its first hydrogen bomb in Operation Grapple.
1958 – The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 3.
1960 – The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 4.
1963 – Project Mercury: The launch of the final Mercury mission, Mercury-Atlas 9 with astronaut L. Gordon Cooper on board. He becomes the first American to spend more than a day in space, and the last American to go into space alone.
1966 – After a policy dispute, Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ of South Vietnam's ruling junta launches a military attack on the forces of General Tôn Thất Đính, forcing him to abandon his command.
1969 – People's Park: California Governor Ronald Reagan has an impromptu student park owned by University of California at Berkeley fenced off from student anti-war protestors, sparking a riot called Bloody Thursday.
1970 – President Richard Nixon appoints Anna Mae Hays and Elizabeth P. Hoisington the first female United States Army Generals.
1970 – Philip Lafayette Gibbs and James Earl Green are killed at Jackson State University by police during student protests.
1972 – Okinawa, under U.S. military governance since its conquest in 1945, reverts to Japanese control.
1972 – In Laurel, Maryland, Arthur Bremer shoots and paralyzes Alabama Governor George Wallace while he is campaigning to become President.
1974 – Ma'alot massacre: Members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine attack and take hostages at an Israeli school; a total of 31 people are killed, including 22 schoolchildren.
1986 – Elio de Angelis, was killed while testing the Brabham BT55 at the Paul Ricard circuit at Le Castellet.
1987 – The Soviet Union launches the Polyus prototype orbital weapons platform. It fails to reach orbit.
1988 – Soviet war in Afghanistan: After more than eight years of fighting, the Soviet Army begins its withdrawal from Afghanistan.
1991 – Édith Cresson becomes France's first female premier.
1997 – The United States government acknowledges the existence of the "Secret War" in Laos and dedicates the Laos Memorial in honor of Hmong and other "Secret War" veterans.
2004 – Arsenal F.C. become the first team in English First Division history to go an entire league campaign unbeaten.
2006 – Cloud Gate was formally dedicated in Chicago's Millennium Park.
2008 – California becomes the second U.S. state after Massachusetts in 2004 to legalize same-sex marriage after the state's own Supreme Court rules a previous ban unconstitutional.
2010 – Jessica Watson becomes the youngest person to sail, non-stop and unassisted around the world solo.
2011 – The first protest of the Anti-austerity movement in Spain (also known as the Indignádos or 15-May Movement) begins in 58 Spanish cities.
2013 – An upsurge in violence in Iraq leaves more than 389 people dead over three days.
Saints' Days and Holy Days
Traditional Western
Contemporary Western
Achillius of Larissa
Dymphna
Hallvard Vebjørnsson (Norway)
Hilary of Galeata
Isidore the Laborer
Jean-Baptiste de La Salle
Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Denise
Reticius
Sophia of Rome
Dymphna
Hallvard Vebjørnsson (Norway)
Hilary of Galeata
Isidore the Laborer
Jean-Baptiste de La Salle
Peter, Andrew, Paul, and Denise
Reticius
Sophia of Rome
Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran
Eastern Orthodox
Saints
The Seven Apostolic Men, Martyr Bishops, ordained in Rome
by Saints Peter and Paul and sent to evangelize Spain (1st c.):
Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius,
Caecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius
Saint Achillios, Bishop of Larissa (330)
Saint Pachomius the Great, founder of cenobitic monasticism (348)
Saint Silvanus of Tabennisi (in the Thebaid) (4th c.)
Saint Barbarus the Myrrh-gusher of Greece (c. 820 - 829)[
Saint Panegyrios of Cyprus (Panigerios, Panegyrius),
Wonderworker of Malounta
by Saints Peter and Paul and sent to evangelize Spain (1st c.):
Saints Torquatus, Ctesiphon, Secundus, Indaletius,
Caecilius, Hesychius, and Euphrasius
Saint Achillios, Bishop of Larissa (330)
Saint Pachomius the Great, founder of cenobitic monasticism (348)
Saint Silvanus of Tabennisi (in the Thebaid) (4th c.)
Saint Barbarus the Myrrh-gusher of Greece (c. 820 - 829)[
Saint Panegyrios of Cyprus (Panigerios, Panegyrius),
Wonderworker of Malounta
Pre-Schism Western Saints
Martyrs Cassius, Victorinus, Maximus, and their companions,
in the Auvergne in France (c. 264)
Martyr Simplicius, Bishop, in Sardinia (c. 284-305)
Virgin recluse Caesarea of Otranto
Saint Hilary of Galeata (Hilary of Tuscany), founder of the monastery called
Galeata, later known as Sant'Ilaro (Sant'Ellero di Galeata) (558)
Saint Colmán of Oughaval (Colman mac Ua Laoighse, Colman Mc O'Laoighse),
a disciple of St Columba and St Fintan of Clonenagh (6th c.)
Virgin-martyr Dymphna of Geel, Flanders (c. 650)
Saint Waldalenus, founder of monastery of Bèze in France (7th c.)
Saint Bercthun (Bertin), a disciple of St John of Beverley and first Abbot
of Beverley in England (733)
Saint Bertha of Bingen (c. 757), and her son Saint Rupert of Bingen (732)
in the Auvergne in France (c. 264)
Martyr Simplicius, Bishop, in Sardinia (c. 284-305)
Virgin recluse Caesarea of Otranto
Saint Hilary of Galeata (Hilary of Tuscany), founder of the monastery called
Galeata, later known as Sant'Ilaro (Sant'Ellero di Galeata) (558)
Saint Colmán of Oughaval (Colman mac Ua Laoighse, Colman Mc O'Laoighse),
a disciple of St Columba and St Fintan of Clonenagh (6th c.)
Virgin-martyr Dymphna of Geel, Flanders (c. 650)
Saint Waldalenus, founder of monastery of Bèze in France (7th c.)
Saint Bercthun (Bertin), a disciple of St John of Beverley and first Abbot
of Beverley in England (733)
Saint Bertha of Bingen (c. 757), and her son Saint Rupert of Bingen (732)
Post-Schism Orthodox Saints
Saint Isaiah of Rostov, Bishop and Wonderworker (1090)
Saint Isaiah of the Kiev Caves, wonderworker (1115)
Saint Andrew the Hermit, of Mt. Kalana, Epirus, wonderworker (c. 1237 - 1271)
Saint Pachomius of Nerekhta, abbot (1384), and Saint Silvanus of Nerekhta (1384)
Saint Euphrosynus of Pskov (Eleazar), abbot and wonderworker (1481)
Saint Serapion of Pskov, disciple of St Euphrosynus of Pskov (1481)
Saint Pachomius of Keno Lake Monastery (1525)
Saint Demetrius of Moscow the Wonderworker, Slain Crown Prince (1591)
Saint Arethas of Valaam and Verkhoturye (1903)
Saint Isaiah of the Kiev Caves, wonderworker (1115)
Saint Andrew the Hermit, of Mt. Kalana, Epirus, wonderworker (c. 1237 - 1271)
Saint Pachomius of Nerekhta, abbot (1384), and Saint Silvanus of Nerekhta (1384)
Saint Euphrosynus of Pskov (Eleazar), abbot and wonderworker (1481)
Saint Serapion of Pskov, disciple of St Euphrosynus of Pskov (1481)
Saint Pachomius of Keno Lake Monastery (1525)
Saint Demetrius of Moscow the Wonderworker, Slain Crown Prince (1591)
Saint Arethas of Valaam and Verkhoturye (1903)
New Martyrs and Confessors
New Hieromartyrs:
Archbishop Pachomius (Kedrov) of Chernigov (1938),
his brother, Archbishop Abercius (Kedrov) of Zhitomir (1937),
their father, Priest Nicholas Kedrov (1936),
their brother-in-law, Priest Vladimir Zagarsky (1937)
Archbishop Pachomius (Kedrov) of Chernigov (1938),
his brother, Archbishop Abercius (Kedrov) of Zhitomir (1937),
their father, Priest Nicholas Kedrov (1936),
their brother-in-law, Priest Vladimir Zagarsky (1937)
Other commemorations
Discovery of the revered icon of Kamoulianos "Acheiropoieta"
("made without human hands")
Translation of the sacred relics of the Holy Apostle Titus of Crete,
from Venice (which had taken the relics in 1669), back to the
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Crete (1966)
Uncovering of the relics (1846) of Saint Tikhon, Bishop of Voronezh,
wonderworker of Zadonsk (1783)
("made without human hands")
Translation of the sacred relics of the Holy Apostle Titus of Crete,
from Venice (which had taken the relics in 1669), back to the
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Crete (1966)
Uncovering of the relics (1846) of Saint Tikhon, Bishop of Voronezh,
wonderworker of Zadonsk (1783)
Coptic Church
Athanasius of Alexandria (Coptic Church)
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