Monday, April 1, 2013

March 30 in history


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MAR 29      INDEX      MAR 31
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598 – Balkan Campaign: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro-Slavic hordes are decimated by the plague.

1282 – The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin king Charles I, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.

1296 – Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England.

1814 – Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Paris: Sixth Coalition forces attack Paris.

1815 – Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation which would later inspire Italian Unification.

1822 – The Florida Territory is created in the United States.

1841 – The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.

1842 – Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long.

1844 – One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.

1855 – Origins of the American Civil War: Bleeding Kansas: "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.

1856 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.

1863 – Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.

1867 – U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward reached agreement with Russia to purchase the territory of Alaska for $7.2 million, approximately $.02 an acre ($4.19/km²).

1870 – The 15th Amendment to the constitution is adopted, guaranteeing the right to vote regardless of race.

1870 – Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.

1885 – The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire.

1899 – German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the International Committee on Atomic Weights.

1909 – The Queensboro Bridge in New York City opens, linking Manhattan and Queens.

1910 – The Mississippi Legislature founds The University of Southern Mississippi.

1912 – Sultan Abdelhafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate, with colonial rule extending until 1956.

1918 – Outburst of bloody March Events in Baku and other locations of Baku Governorate.

1939 – The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph (745km/h).

1939 – Detective Comics #27 is released, introducing Batman.

1940 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Jingwei.

1944 – World War II: Allied bombers conduct their most severe bombing run on Sofia, Bulgaria.

1944 – World War II: Allied bombing raid on Nuremberg: Along the English eastern coast 795 aircraft are despatched to attack Nuremburg, including 572 Lancasters, 214 Halifaxes and 9 Mosquitos. The bombers meet resistance at the coasts of Belgium and the Netherlands from German fighters. In total, 95 bombers are lost, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command loss of World War II.

1945 – World War II: Soviet forces invade Austria and capture Vienna; Polish and Soviet forces liberate Danzig.

1949 – A riot breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík, when Iceland joins NATO.

1954 – The Yonge Street subway line opens in Toronto. It is the first subway in Canada.

1961 – The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed in New York City.

1964 – Jeopardy!, hosted by Art Fleming debuts.

1965 – Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the United States Embassy, Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.

1972 – Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.

1976 – The first Land Day protests are held in Israel/Palestine.

1979 – Airey Neave, a British Member of Parliament, is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster. The Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.

1981:  President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest and seriously wounded by John W. Hinckley Jr. as he left the Washington Union Hotel in Washington D.C. Two other people are wounded at the same time. See: "Why I'm for the Brady Bill" By Ronald Reagan, Published in The New York Times, 29 Mar 1991

1982 – Space Shuttle program: STS-3 Mission is completed with the landing of Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.

2006 – The United Kingdom Terrorism Act 2006 becomes a law.

2009 – Twelve gunmen attack the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore, Pakistan.



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Earliest day on which the first day of Hocktide can fall, while April 3 is the latest; observed on the second Monday after Easter. (Hungerford, England; popular in medieval England)

Traditional Western



Contemporary Western

Blessed Amadeus IX of Savoy
John Climacus
Mamertinus of Auxerre
Quirinus of Neuss
Thomas Son Chasuhn, Marie-Nicolas-Antoine Daveluy (part of The Korean Martyrs)
Tola of Clonard


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran



Eastern Orthodox


Saints

Prophet Joad (10th century BC) (III Kings 13:11), who dwelt in Bethel
Holy Apostles Sosthenes, Apollos, Cephas, Caesar, and Epaphroditus,
      of the Seventy (1st c.)
Saint Eubula, mother of St. Panteleimon (304)
Venerable John the Hermit of Cilicia (4th c.)
Saint John II, Patriarch of Jerusalem (5th c.)
Venerable John the Silent (John Hesychastes), Bishop of Colonia (Taxara)
      in Armenia, and later a monk of St. Sabbas Monastery (558)
Venerable John Climacus of Sinai, author of The Ladder of Divine Ascent (615)
Venerable Zosimas, Bishop of Syracuse (662)

Pre-Schism Western Saints

Saint Quirinus, the jailer of Pope Alexander I, martyr (c. 117)
Saint Regulus (Rieul), by tradition a Greek, he is honoured
      as the first Bishop of Senlis in France (c. 260)
Saint Mamertinus of Auxerre, a monk and then Abbot of Sts Cosmas
      and Damian in Auxerre in France (c. 462)
Saint Fergus, Bishop of Downpatrick in Ireland (6th c.)
Saint Pastor, Bishop of Orleans in France (6th c.)
Saint Tola of Clonard, Abbot and Bishop of Disert Tola in Meath in Ireland (c. 733)
Saint Patto (Pacificus), Bishop of Werden in Germany (c. 788)
Saint Clinius, a Greek monk of Monte Cassino, he became Abbot of St Peter's
      near Pontecorvo, where his relics were venerated
Saint Osburga of Coventry, Abbess and Virgin (c. 1015)

Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

New Hieromartyr Zachariah, Metropolitan of Corinth (1684)
Saint Sophronius, Bishop of Irkutsk (1771)

Other commemorations

The Meeting of the Mother of God and Saint Elizabeth (1st c.)
Translation of the relicts of the Martyr-King Edmund of East Anglia
Repose of Blessed Matrona (Mylnikova) the Barefoot, of St. Petersburg,
      Fool for Christ (1911)




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