Tuesday, April 23, 2013

April 26 in history


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APR 25      INDEX      APR 27
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1336 – Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch) ascends Mont Ventoux.

1478 – The Pazzi attack Lorenzo de' Medici and kill his brother Giuliano during High Mass in the Duomo of Florence.

1564 – Playwright William Shakespeare is baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England.

1607 – English colonists make landfall at Cape Henry, Virginia.

1721 – A massive earthquake devastates the Iranian city of Tabriz.

1777 – Sibyl Ludington, aged 16, rides 40 miles to alert American colonial forces to the approach of the British.

1802 – Napoleon Bonaparte signs a general amnesty to allow all but about one thousand of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a reconciliary gesture with the factions of the Ancien Régime and to eventually consolidate his own rule.

1803 – Thousands of meteor fragments fall from the skies of L'Aigle, France; the event convinces European science that meteors exist.

1805 – First Barbary War: United States Marines captured Derne under the command of First Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon.

1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

1865 – Twelve days after assassinating President Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth was tracked down and killed by Union cavalry troops near Port Royal, Virginia.

1903 – Atlético Madrid Association football club is founded

1912 – Hugh Bradley of the Red Sox hit the 1st homerun at Fenway Park.

1923 – The Duke of York weds Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon at Westminster Abbey.

1925 – Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in the second round of the German presidential election to become the first directly elected head of state of the Weimar Republic.

1933 – The Gestapo, the official secret police force of Nazi Germany, is established.

1937 – Spanish Civil War: The German military tested its powerful new air force – the Luftwaffe – on the Basque town of Guernica in northern Spain. One-third of Guernica's 5,000 inhabitants were killed or wounded, and fires engulfed the city and burned for days.     History

1942 – Benxihu Colliery accident in Manchukuo leaves 1549 Chinese miners dead.

1943 – The Easter Riots break out in Uppsala, Sweden.

1944 – Georgios Papandreou becomes head of the Greek government-in-exile based in Egypt.

1944 – Heinrich Kreipe is captured by Allied commandos in occupied Crete.

1945 – World War II: Battle of Bautzen: Last successful German tank-offensive of the war and last noteworthy victory of the Wehrmacht.

1945 – World War II: Filipino troops of the 66th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL and the American troops of the 33rd and 37th Infantry Division, United States Army are liberated in Baguio City and they fight against the Japanese forces under General Tomoyuki Yamashita.

1954 – The Geneva Conference, an effort to restore peace in Indochina and Korea, begins.

1954 – The first dose of Jonas Salk's anti-polio vaccine is delivered in Fairfax County, Virginia. Over 443,000 children receive shots over the next three months.

1956 – SS Ideal X, the world's first successful container ship, leaves Port Newark, New Jersey for Houston, Texas.

1958 – Final run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City after 68 years, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives.

1960 – Forced out by the April Revolution, President of South Korea Syngman Rhee resigns after twelve years of dictatorial rule.

1962 – NASA's Ranger 4 spacecraft crashes into the Moon.

1963 – In Libya, amendments to the constitution transform Libya (United Kingdom of Libya) into one national unity (Kingdom of Libya) and allows for female participation in elections.

1964 – Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.

1965 – A Rolling Stones concert in London, Ontario is shut down by police after 15 minutes due to rioting.

1966 – The magnitude 5.1 Tashkent earthquake affects the largest city in Soviet Central Asia with a maximum MSK intensity of VII (Very strong). Tashkent is mostly destroyed and 15–200 are killed.

1966 – A new government is formed in the Republic of Congo, led by Ambroise Noumazalaye.

1970 – The Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization enters into force.

1981 – Dr. Michael R. Harrison of the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center performs the world's first human open fetal surgery.

1982 – Fifty-seven people are killed by former police officer Woo Bum-kon in a shooting spree in Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.

1986 – An explosion and fire at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Soviet Union, now Ukraine, causes radioactive fallout to begin spewing into the atmosphere in the world's worst nuclear disaster. Dozens of people were killed in the immediate aftermath while the long-term death toll from radiation poisoning is believed to number in the thousands.

1989 – The deadliest tornado in world history strikes Central Bangladesh, killing upwards of 1,300, injuring 12,000, and leaving as many as 80,000 homeless.

1989 – People's Daily publishes the People's Daily editorial of April 26 which inflames the nascent Tiananmen Square protests

1991 – Tornado outbreak: A violent outbreak of 55 tornadoes took place in the Central and Southern Great Plains, killing 21 people and injuring hundreds more. Before the outbreak's end, Andover, Kansas, would record the year's only F5 tornado.

1994 – China Airlines Flight 140 crashes at Nagoya Airport in Japan, killing 264 of the 271 people on board.

2002 – Robert Steinhäuser infiltrates and kills 16 at Gutenberg-Gymnasium in Erfurt, Germany before dying of a self-inflicted gunshot.

2005 – Under international pressure, Syria withdraws the last of its 14,000 troop military garrison in Lebanon, ending its 29-year military domination of that country (Syrian occupation of Lebanon).



Saints' Days and Holy Days

Latest day on which Easter Monday can fall, while March 23 is the earliest; celebrated on Monday after Easter.

Traditional Western

Cletus and Marcellinus, Popes of Rome, and Martyrs.     Semi-double.
Commemoration of the Octave of St. George.


Contemporary Western

Aldobrandesca
Franca Visalta
Lucidius of Verona
Our Lady of Good Counsel
Pope Anacletus and Marcellinus
Riquier
Paschasius Radbertus
Stephen of Perm
Trudpert


Anglican, Episcopal, Lutheran

Robert Hunt (Episcopal Church (USA))


Eastern Orthodox


Saints

Martyrs Cyril, Chindeu, and Tasie of Axiopolis (c. 304)
Hieromartyr Basil of Amasea, Bishop of Amasea (322)
Righteous Virgin-martyr Glaphyra of Nicomedia (c. 322)
Saints Andrew and Anatolius (5th c.), disciples of St. Euthymius the Great
Saint Justa, nun
Venerable Nestor the Silent
Saint Leo of Samos (Leontos), Bishop of Samos, Wonderworker (9th c.)

Pre-Schism Western Saints

Peter of Braga (Peter of Rates), first Bishop and martyr of Braga in Portugal (c. 60)
Saint Marcellinus, a Pope of Rome, who may have been martyred in repentance
      for his previous errors (304)
Saint Exuperantia, a saint whose relics are venerated in Troyes in France (c. 380)
Saint Lucidius of Verona, Bishop of Verona in Italy
Saint Clarentius (Clarent), successor of St Etherius as Bishop of Vienne in France (c. 620)
Saint Trudpert, a hermit, possibly from Ireland, who lived in Münstethal in Germany (c. 644)
Saint Richarius (Riquier), Abbot, Confessor, in Picardy (645)

Post-Schism Orthodox Saints

Venerable George of Cyprus, first Igumen of the Monastery of St. John Chrysostomos,
      near Koutsovendis, in the Kyrenia District of Cyprus (1091)
Venerable Calantius of Tamassos (Kalandios), one of the "300 Allemagne Saints"
      in Cyprus (12th c.)
Saint Stephen of Perm, Bishop of Perm (1396)
New Martyrs of Novo Selo ("Holy Trinity" Novoselska convent), Bulgaria (1876)

New Martyrs and Confessors

New martyrs John Pankov (priest), and his children Nicholas Pankov,
      and Peter Pankov, new martyrs of Orlov (1918)

Other commemorations

Translation of the sacred relics of Saint Ioannicius of Devic, Serbia (1430)
Repose of Schema-nun Agnia (Chizhikov) of Akulovo (1984)




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